The Associations of Asthma Symptoms With Active and Passive Smoking in Hong Kong Adolescents

References

1. 1.↵
   The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee. Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema. Lancet 1998;351(9111):1225–1232.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. 2.↵
   1. Akinbami LJ,
   2. Moorman JE,
   3. Garbe PL,
   4. Sondik EJ

   . Status of childhood asthma in the United States, 1980-2007. Pediatrics 2009;123(Suppl 3):S131–S145.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
3. 3.↵
   1. Myers MG,
   2. Brown SA

   . Smoking and health in substance-abusing adolescents: a two-year follow-up. Pediatrics 1994;93(4):561–566.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   1. Henderson AJ

   . The effects of tobacco smoke exposure on respiratory health in school-aged children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2008;9(1):21–27.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   1. Bhargava EK,
   2. Khaliq F

   . Effect of paternal smoking on the pulmonary functions of adolescent males. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2008;52(4):413–419.

   OpenUrlPubMed
6. 6.↵
   1. De Sario M,
   2. Forastiere F,
   3. Viegi G,
   4. Simoni M,
   5. Chellini E,
   6. Piccioni P,
   7. et al

   . Parental smoking and respiratory disorders in childhood. Epidemiol Prev 2005;29(2 Suppl):52–56.

   OpenUrlPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Lacroix VJ

   . Exercise-induced asthma. Phys Sportsmed 1999;27(12):75–92.

   OpenUrlPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Lukrafka JL,
   2. Fuchs SC,
   3. Moreira LB,
   4. Picon RV,
   5. Fischer GB,
   6. Fuchs FD

   . Performance of the ISAAC questionnaire to establish the prevalence of asthma in adolescents: a population-based study. J Asthma 2010;47(2):166–169.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   1. Yoo S,
   2. Kim HB,
   3. Lee SY,
   4. Kim BS,
   5. Kim JH,
   6. Yu J,
   7. et al

   . Effect of active smoking on asthma symptoms, pulmonary function, and BHR in adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol 2009;44(10):954–961.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
10. 10.↵
    1. Mallol J,
    2. Castro-Rodriguez JA,
    3. Cortez E

    . Effects of active tobacco smoking on the prevalence of asthma-like symptoms in adolescents. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2007;2(1):65–69.

    OpenUrlPubMed
11. 11.↵
    1. Hong SJ,
    2. Lee MS,
    3. Sohn MH,
    4. Shim JY,
    5. Han YS,
    6. Park KS,
    7. et al

    . Self-reported prevalence and risk factors of asthma among Korean adolescents: 5-year follow-up study, 1995-2000. Clin Exp Allergy 2004;34(10):1556–1562.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. 12.↵
    1. Jarvis MJ,
    2. Feyerabend C,
    3. Bryant A,
    4. Hedges B,
    5. Primatesta P

    . Passive smoking in the home: plasma cotinine concentrations in non-smokers with smoking partners. Tob Control 2001;10(4):368–374.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
13. 13.↵
    1. Lampert T

    . Smoking and passive smoking exposure in young people: results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). Dtsch Arztebl Int 2008;105(15):265–271.

    OpenUrlPubMed
14. 14.↵
    1. Marano C,
    2. Schober SE,
    3. Brody DJ,
    4. Zhang C

    . Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure among children and adolescents: United States, 2003-2006. Pediatrics 2009;124(5):1299–1305.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    1. Rachiotis G,
    2. Siziya S,
    3. Muula AS,
    4. Rudatsikira E,
    5. Papastergiou P,
    6. Hadjichristodoulou C

    . Determinants of exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) among non smoking adolescents (aged 11-17 years old) in Greece: results from the 2004-2005 GYTS Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 7(1):284–290.
16. 16.
    1. Kandel DB,
    2. Schaffran C,
    3. Griesler PC,
    4. Hu MC,
    5. Davies M,
    6. Benowitz N

    . Salivary cotinine concentration versus self-reported cigarette smoking: three patterns of inconsistency in adolescence. Nicotine Tob Res 2006;8(4):525–537.

    OpenUrlAbstract
17. 17.↵
    1. Racicot S,
    2. McGrath JJ,
    3. O'Loughlin J

    . An investigation of social and pharmacological exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke as possible predictors of perceived nicotine dependence, smoking susceptibility, and smoking expectancies among never-smoking youth. Nicotine Tob Res 2011;13(10):926–933.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
18. 18.↵
    1. Vazquez Nava F,
    2. Saldivar Gonzalez AH,
    3. Martinez Perales G,
    4. Lin Ochoa D,
    5. Barrientos Gomez MC,
    6. Vazquez Rodriguez EM,
    7. et al

    . Associations between family history of allergy, exposure to tobacco smoke, active smoking, obesity, and asthma in adolescents. Arch Bronconeumol 2006;42(12):621–626.

    OpenUrlPubMed
19. 19.↵
    1. Wang HY,
    2. Wong GW,
    3. Chen YZ,
    4. Ferguson AC,
    5. Greene JM,
    6. Ma Y,
    7. et al

    . Prevalence of asthma among Chinese adolescents living in Canada and in China. CMAJ 2008;179(11):1133–1142.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
20. 20.↵
    1. Wong GW,
    2. Leung TF,
    3. Ko FW,
    4. Lee KK,
    5. Lam P,
    6. Hui DS,
    7. et al

    . Declining asthma prevalence in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren. Clin Exp Allergy 2004;34(10):1550–1555.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. 21.↵
    1. Balding J

    . Young people in 1998 and looking back as far as 1983: the health related behaviour questionnaire results for 18,221 young people aged 12-13 and 14-15 in 1998, and approximately 200,000 since 1983. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter School Health Education Unit; 1999.
22. 22.↵
    1. Mak K,
    2. Day J

    . Dental health behaviours among early adolescents in Hong Kong. Int J Dent Hyg 2010;9(2):122–126.

    OpenUrl
23. 23.↵
    1. Mak KK,
    2. Day JR

    . Secular trends of sports participation, sedentary activity and physical self-perceptions in Hong Kong adolescents, 1995-2000. Acta Paediatr 2010;99(11):1731–1734.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
24. 24.↵
    1. Arday DR,
    2. Giovino GA,
    3. Schulman J,
    4. Nelson DE,
    5. Mowery P,
    6. Samet JM

    . Cigarette smoking and self-reported health problems among US high school seniors, 1982-1989. Am J Health Promot 1995;10(2):111–116.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
25. 25.↵
    1. Mak KK,
    2. Ho SY,
    3. Thomas GN,
    4. Lo WS,
    5. Cheuk DK,
    6. Lai YK,
    7. et al

    . Smoking and sleep disorders in Chinese adolescents. Sleep Med 2010;11(3):268–273.

    OpenUrlPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Tager IB,
    2. Munoz A,
    3. Rosner B,
    4. Weiss ST,
    5. Carey V,
    6. Speizer FE

    . Effect of cigarette smoking on the pulmonary function of children and adolescents. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;131(5):752–759.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
27. 27.↵
    1. Van Miert E,
    2. Sardella A,
    3. Bernard A

    . Biomarkers of early respiratory effects in smoking adolescents. Eur Respir J 2011;38(6):1287–1293.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
28. 28.↵
    1. Moyes CD,
    2. Waldon J,
    3. Ramadas D,
    4. Crane J,
    5. Pearce N

    . Respiratory symptoms and environmental factors in schoolchildren in the Bay of Plenty. N Z Med J 1995;108(1007):358–361.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
29. 29.↵
    1. Vlaski E,
    2. Stavric K,
    3. Seckova L,
    4. Kimovska M,
    5. Isjanovska R

    . Do household tobacco smoking habits influence asthma, rhinitis and eczema among 13-14 year-old adolescents? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2011;39(1):39–44.

    OpenUrlPubMed
30. 30.↵
    1. Sherrill DL,
    2. Martinez FD,
    3. Lebowitz MD,
    4. Holdaway MD,
    5. Flannery EM,
    6. Herbison GP,
    7. et al

    . Longitudinal effects of passive smoking on pulmonary function in New Zealand children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145(5):1136–1141.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
31. 31.↵
    1. Annesi-Maesano I,
    2. Oryszczyn MP,
    3. Raherison C,
    4. Kopferschmitt C,
    5. Pauli G,
    6. Taytard A,
    7. et al

    . Increased prevalence of asthma and allied diseases among active adolescent tobacco smokers after controlling for passive smoking exposure. A cause for concern? Clin Exp Allergy 2004;34(7):1017–1023.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
32. 32.↵
    1. Withers NJ,
    2. Low L,
    3. Holgate ST,
    4. Clough JB

    . The natural history of respiratory symptoms in a cohort of adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158(2):352–357.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
33. 33.↵
    1. Halterman JS,
    2. Conn KM,
    3. Hernandez T,
    4. Tanski SE

    . Parent knowledge, attitudes, and household practices regarding SHS exposure: a case-control study of urban children with and without asthma. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2010;49(8):782–789.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
34. 34.↵
    1. Ho SY,
    2. Lai HK,
    3. Wang MP,
    4. Lam TH

    . Exposure to secondhand smoke and academic performance in non-smoking adolescents. J Pediatr 2010;157(6):1012–1017. e1011.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
35. 35.↵
    1. Lai MK,
    2. Ho SY,
    3. Lam TH

    . Perceived peer smoking prevalence and its association with smoking behaviours and intentions in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. Addiction 2004;99(9):1195–1205.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
36. 36.↵
    1. Garcia-Marcos L,
    2. Quiros AB,
    3. Hernandez GG,
    4. Guillen-Grima F,
    5. Diaz CG,
    6. Urena IC,
    7. et al

    . Stabilization of asthma prevalence among adolescents and increase among schoolchildren (ISAAC phases I and III) in Spain. Allergy 2004;59(12):1301–1307.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
37. 37.↵
    1. Furu K,
    2. Skurtveit S,
    3. Langhammer A,
    4. Nafstad P

    . Use of anti-asthmatic medications as a proxy for prevalence of asthma in children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide prescription database analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2007;63(7):693–698.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
38. 38.↵
    1. Kropp RY,
    2. Halpern-Felsher BL

    . Adolescents' beliefs about the risks involved in smoking “light” cigarettes. Pediatrics 2004;114(4):e445–e451.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
39. 39.↵
    1. Ringlever L,
    2. Otten R,
    3. Van Schayck OC,
    4. Engels RC

    . Early smoking in school-aged children with and without a diagnosis of asthma. Eur J Public Health 2012;22(3):394–398.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
40. 40.↵
    1. Turyk ME,
    2. Hernandez E,
    3. Wright RJ,
    4. Freels S,
    5. Slezak J,
    6. Contraras A,
    7. et al

    . Stressful life events and asthma in adolescents. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008;19(3):255–263.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
41. 41.↵
    1. Oseid S

    . Asthma and physical activity. Scand J Soc Med 1982;29(Suppl):227–234.

    OpenUrl
42. 42.↵
    1. Holguin F,
    2. Bleecker ER,
    3. Busse WW,
    4. Calhoun WJ,
    5. Castro M,
    6. Erzurum SC,
    7. et al

    . Obesity and asthma: an association modified by age of asthma onset. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127(6):1486–1493. e1482.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
43. 43.↵
    1. Pierse N,
    2. Rushton L,
    3. Harris RS,
    4. Kuehni CE,
    5. Silverman M,
    6. Grigg J

    . Locally generated particulate pollution and respiratory symptoms in young children. Thorax 2006;61(3):216–220.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
44. 44.↵
    1. Leung R,
    2. Lam CW,
    3. Chan A,
    4. Lee M,
    5. Chan IH,
    6. Pang SW,
    7. et al

    . Indoor environment of residential homes in Hong Kong: relevance to asthma and allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy 1998;28(5):585–590.

    OpenUrlPubMed