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Abstract
BACKGROUND: We sought to evaluate the acute effects of different inspiratory loads using nasal and oral interfaces on the volumes of the chest wall and its compartments, breathing pattern, and respiratory muscle activation in children with mouth-breathing syndrome.
METHODS: Children with mouth-breathing syndrome were randomized into 2 groups, one with an inspiratory load intensity 20% of maximum inspiratory pressure (n = 14), and the other with an inspiratory load intensity 40% of maximum inspiratory pressure (n = 15). The chest wall volumes and electromyography of sternocleidomastoid, rectus abdominis, scalene, and internal intercostal muscles were used to analyze respiration against the 2 load intensities and using 2 interfaces (ie, nasal and oral).
RESULTS: A total of 72 children with mouth-breathing syndrome were recruited, and 29 were evaluated in this study. The use of inspiratory load promoted improvement in the components of the breathing pattern: breathing frequency (P = .039), inspiratory time (P = .03), and total respiratory time (P = .043); and increases in tidal volume (P < .001), end-inspiratory volume (P < .001), and electrical activity of scalene muscles and sternocleidomastoid muscles (P < .001) when compared to quiet breathing. The load imposed via a nasal interface versus an oral interface provided an increase in tidal volume (P = .030), end-inspiratory volume (P = .02), and electrical activity of scalene muscles (P < .001) and sternocleidomastoid muscles (P = .02).
CONCLUSIONS: The use of acute inspiratory loads improved the breathing pattern and increased lung volume and electrical activity of inspiratory muscles. This work brings new perspective to the investigation of using nasal interfaces during the application of inspiratory loads. The nasal interface was more effective compared to the oral interface commonly used in clinical practice.
Footnotes
- Correspondence: Guilherme Augusto de Freitas Fregonezi PhD, PneumoCardioVascular Lab Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Caixa-postal 1524, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59072970, Natal, RN, Brazil. E-mail: fregonezi.guilherme{at}gmail.com
The study received financial support from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), PGCI CAPES 054/2014 - 23038.007514/2014-78 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) process: 400316/2012-9. Guilherme Augusto de Freitas Fregonezi received a grant from CNPq number 312876/2018-1, and Vanessa Resqueti received a grant from CNPq number 315580/2018-6.
- Copyright © 2020 by Daedalus Enterprises
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