RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Failure of Noninvasive Ventilation in Acute Heart Failure Hospitalization JF Respiratory Care FD American Association for Respiratory Care SP respcare.07661 DO 10.4187/respcare.07661 A1 Thomas S Metkus A1 P Elliott Miller A1 R Scott Stephens A1 Steven P Schulman A1 Shaker M Eid YR 2020 UL http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/early/2020/05/12/respcare.07661.abstract AB BACKGROUND: Some patients with acute heart failure (AHF) who are treated initially with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) will require endotracheal intubation, which indicates NIV failure. The incidence and prognosis of NIV failure in patients with AHF are not well characterized.METHODS: Using the National In-Patient Sample (NIS), we conducted a retrospective cohort study of subjects hospitalized with AHF between 2008 and 2014 who were treated with NIV within 24 h of hospital admission. We determined predictors of NIV failure and determined the association between NIV failure and in-hospital mortality using Cox proportional hazard models.RESULTS: Of 279,534 subjects hospitalized with AHF and treated with NIV, 4,257 (1.52%) failed NIV and required intubation. Cardiogenic shock (odds ratio 8.79, 95% CI 6.89–11.2) and in-hospital arrest (odds ratio 24.9, 95% CI 18.71–33.14) were associated with NIV failure. In-hospital mortality was 26.5% for NIV failure compared to 5.6% for those without NIV (P < .001). After adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, cardiogenic shock, and in-hospital arrest, NIV failure was associated with nearly a 2-fold risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.95, 95% CI 1.59–2.40).CONCLUSIONS: Intubation after initial NIV treatment is required in 1.5% of subjects hospitalized with AHF and treated with NIV and is associated with high in-hospital mortality. These findings can guide future prospective interventional trials and quality improvement ventures.