PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Straube, Tobias L
AU  - Farling, Stewart
AU  - Deshusses, Marc A
AU  - Klitzman, Bruce
AU  - Cheifetz, Ira M
AU  - Vesel, Travis P
TI  - Intravascular Gas Exchange: Physiology, Literature Review, and Current Efforts
AID  - 10.4187/respcare.09288
DP  - 2022 Apr 01
TA  - Respiratory Care
PG  - 480--493
VI  - 67
IP  - 4
4099  - http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/67/4/480.short
4100  - http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/67/4/480.full
AB  - Acute respiratory failure with inadequate oxygenation and/or ventilation is a common reason for ICU admission in children and adults. Despite the morbidity and mortality associated with acute respiratory failure, few proven treatment options exist beyond invasive ventilation. Attempts to develop intravascular respiratory assist catheters capable of providing clinically important gas exchange have had limited success. Only one device, the IVOX catheter, was tested in human clinical trials before development was halted without FDA approval. Overcoming the technical challenges associated with providing safe and effective gas exchange within the confines of the intravascular space remains a daunting task for physicians and engineers. It requires a detailed understanding of the fundamentals of gas transport and respiratory physiology to optimize the design for a successful device. This article reviews the potential benefits of such respiratory assist catheters, considerations for device design, previous attempts at intravascular gas exchange, and the motivation for continued development efforts.