RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Optimizing Mask Ventilation: Literature Review and Development of a Conceptual Framework JF Respiratory Care FD American Association for Respiratory Care SP 1834 OP 1840 DO 10.4187/respcare.04183 VO 60 IS 12 A1 Daniel Saddawi-Konefka A1 Susan L Hung A1 Robert M Kacmarek A1 Yandong Jiang YR 2015 UL http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/60/12/1834.abstract AB Mask ventilation is lifesaving, especially in cases of difficult intubation. Many publications have offered distinct techniques for optimizing mask ventilation. This article reviews currently available difficult mask ventilation literature and theory. We divide difficult mask ventilation into 3 broad categories based on etiology: inadequate mask seal, increased airway resistance, and decreased respiratory compliance. Published strategies for overcoming difficulty are presented and organized by etiology.