TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary Zygomycosis in a Non-neutropenic Patient With Myelodysplastic Syndrome on Lenalidomide JF - Respiratory Care SP - 1175 LP - 1177 DO - 10.4187/respcare.01346 VL - 57 IS - 7 AU - Jesse Theisen-Toupal AU - Elana S Rosenthal AU - Emer Kelly AU - Jeffrey I Zwicker AU - Praveen Akuthota AU - David H Roberts Y1 - 2012/07/01 UR - http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/57/7/1175.abstract N2 - Pulmonary zygomycosis is an uncommon infection that occurs mostly in immunocompromised patients. We report the case of a 75-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome, treated with lenalidomide for 3 months, who developed respiratory failure and a rapidly progressive left upper lobe consolidation. An extensive workup was unrevealing of the etiology, and the patient expired. A full autopsy was declined, but an in situ post-mortem transbronchial lung biopsy revealed pulmonary zygomycosis. This unique case illustrates the potential risks of lenalidomide therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and the difficulties in diagnosing pulmonary zygomycosis. To our knowledge this is the first report of a diagnostic in situ post-mortem transbronchial lung biopsy. ER -