PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Murata, Shinya
AU  - Yokoyama, Kazuki
AU  - Sakamoto, Yushi
AU  - Yamashita, Ken
AU  - Oto, Jun
AU  - Imanaka, Hideaki
AU  - Nishimura, Masaji
TI  - Effects of Inspiratory Rise Time on Triggering Work Load During Pressure-Support Ventilation: A Lung Model Study
DP  - 2010 Jul 01
TA  - Respiratory Care
PG  - 878--884
VI  - 55
IP  - 7
4099  - http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/55/7/878.short
4100  - http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/55/7/878.full
AB  - BACKGROUND: The rise in inspiratory flow is important during patient-triggered ventilation. Many ventilators incorporate a function to control the time to reach the targeted airway pressure (inspiratory rise time). However, it has not been clarified how inspiratory rise time affects inspiratory work load under various ventilator settings. In a bench study we investigated the effect of inspiratory rise time on inspiratory work load during pressure-support ventilation (PSV). METHODS: We studied 6 ICU ventilators. We measured flow and pressure at the airway opening (Pao) at PEEP of 5 cm H2O, pressure-support of 5 cm H2O and 10 cm H2O, 4 triggering sensitivities, and inspiratory drives 300 mL, 500 mL, and 700 mL. The inspiratory-rise-time setting was not consistent between the ventilators, and we chose 3 inspiratory-rise-time levels with each ventilator. The inspiratory delay time (DT) was defined as the time between the onset of inspiration and the return of Pao to baseline, and was divided into 2 parts at the point of the lowest Pao: before the lowest Pao (DT1), and after the lowest Pao (DT2). As an indicator of inspiratory work load we calculated the pressure-time-product (PTP) of the Pao over the DT. PTP was also divided into PTP1 and PTP2, at the point of the lowest Pao. RESULTS: Short inspiratory rise time reduced DT2, PTP1, and PTP2, regardless of the pressure-support level, triggering sensitivity, or inspiratory drive. However, the inspiratory-rise-time setting did not affect DT1. The PTP1, PTP2, and DT2 values differed significantly among the ventilators. A combination of short inspiratory rise time, high PSV, and sharp triggering sensitivity resulted in the smallest PTP and DT values. CONCLUSIONS: Short inspiratory rise time decreased inspiratory work load, regardless of the pressure-support level, triggering sensitivity, or inspiratory drive. Inspiratory work load can be maximally lowered by a combination of a short inspiratory rise time, a sharp triggering sensitivity, and a high inspiratory pressure-support level for a given patient's inspiratory effort.