pH- and protein-dependent buffer capacity and viscosity of respiratory mucus. Their interrelationships and influence of health
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2018, Regulatory Toxicology and PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :The amount of [A−] from the dissociation of [HA] is obtained from [A−] = [HA] x 10pH-pKa. The tracheal mucus contains about 4 g/l of protein in ferrets (Robinson et al., 1989) and from 2 to 16 g/l (median about 6 g/l) protein in the sputum in human smokers without symptoms (Holma and Hegg, 1989). The buffer capacity of 6 g protein/l was 0.004 mol/pH unit (Holma and Hegg, 1989), which we accept in our further calculations.
The role of mucus as an invisible cloak to transepithelial drug delivery by nanoparticles
2018, Advanced Drug Delivery ReviewsCitation Excerpt :In studies on reconstituted pig gastric mucin, the bulk viscosity increases 1000 times when decreasing pH from 6 to 4 [163]. Changes in viscosity of native pulmonary sputum have also been observed [164], whereas, CV mucus viscosity exhibit minor changes throughout a broad range of pH [165]. The particle mobility in mucus is also affected by the ionic strength [17].
The influence of pH and concentration of mucins on diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) transport through artificial mucus
2016, Journal of Aerosol ScienceCitation Excerpt :Yoshizaki found increase in Muc5ac protein expression in the lung (Muc5ac is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC5AC gene, which has been linked to mucus hypersecretion in the airways) as well as increase in acid mucus in the nasal area. Mucus acidification may be caused by physicochemical changes in mucins׳ properties which might lead to the increased mucus׳ viscoelasticity (Holma and Hegg, 1989). On one side, the higher mucus’ viscoelasticity, should lead to higher mucus’ protection against exogenous factors, but on the other side, it might also cause disruption of the integrity in the mucus’ layer, and consequently cause disorder in the first line of defense of the innate immune system.