Chest
Original ResearchCOPDThe Acute Effects of Water-Pipe Smoking on the Cardiorespiratory System
Section snippets
Subjects
The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, Rambam Health Care Campus (number 0219-09) and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01157832). Each subject read and signed an informed consent form prior to enrollment. Eligible subjects were older than 18 years and had previously smoked from WPs. Exclusion criteria included any chronic lung disease, pregnancy or lactation in women, acute illness during the previous 2 weeks, corticosteroid treatment, WPS in the previous 24 h,
Results
Forty-five subjects (30 men, 15 women) were included; their characteristics are presented in Table 1. The vital signs before and after one session of WPS are shown in Table 2. Significant increases in systolic and diastolic BP (≤ 186 mm Hg and 106 mm Hg, respectively), heart rate (≤ 141 beat/min), and respiratory rate (≤ 25 breaths/min) were observed. The visual analog scores of general feeling showed a significant decrease, from a median of 10 (9.68 ± 0.64) to 7 (6.95 ± 1.98) (P < .0001), even
Discussion
This study evaluated the short-term effects of a 30-min single session of WPS on multiple cardiorespiratory parameters. This model is a relatively easy and sensitive method of investigating the specific effects of WP smoke on these parameters.16
The study showed that one session of WPS resulted in significant increases in COHb concentrations, systolic and diastolic BP levels, and heart and respiratory rates. Decreases were observed in PEFRs, the percentage of eosinophils in the peripheral blood,
Summary
Our study demonstrates that one session of WPS caused significant cardiorespiratory changes in healthy volunteers. These changes were similar or even greater than those reported in cigarette smoking. Larger studies, including the evaluation of the short-term and long-term effects of WPS, are required. The results of our study add to the limited evidence that WPS is harmful and support interventions to control the continuing global spread of WPS, especially among youth.
Acknowledgments
Author contributions: Drs Hakim and L. Bentur both had full access to the data and both will vouch for the integrity of the data analysis.
Dr Hakim: contributed to the recruitment of patients, performance of all tests, and writing of the study.
Mr Hellou: submitted the institutional review board application and contributed to the recruitment of patients, performance of all tests, data analysis, and literature survey.
Dr Goldbart: analyzed the nitrotyrosine data and contributed to the discussion of
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Funding: This work was supported by the Israel Cancer Association, the Israel Lung Association, and the Israel Science Foundation Legacy [Grant 1817/2007].
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