Chest
Symptoms and Experiences in Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema
Section snippets
Checklist Development
Symptom items were originally derived from individual interviews with 29 adult patients with chronic bronchitis or emphysema. Each patient was asked to describe his breathing difficulties and to cite all symptoms and experiences which typically occurred. These interviews produced 89 symptom and experience items. Each of these 89 items was then placed in random order next to a five-point scale of frequency of occurrence (1 = never; 5 = always). This arrangement allowed a patient to rate the
DISCUSSION
The psychometric derivation and meaning of the symptom categories for chronic bronchitis and emphysema have been discussed in considerable detail in our earlier report.6 As in any illness, the target symptoms of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (dyspnea and congestion) are embedded within a context of other, more collateral symptoms and experiences. Among other reports, this context includes affective states related to anxiety and depression, and thereby reflects the person’s unique way of
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Ms. Peggy Harris for assistance in data collection and analyses, and France Johnson-Behm for preparation of the manuscript.
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Supported in part by grants AI-15392 and HL-22065 from the National Institutes of Health.
Manuscript revision accepted November 4.