In hypoxemic patients needing fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been used to prevent gas-exchange deterioration associated with FOB and to compensate for the increase in work of breathing occurring during FOB, thus avoiding endotracheal intubation and its related complications. The application of NIV to allow FOB has been found of particular interest in the diagnosis of pneumonia in patients spontaneously breathing and in those who started NIV to assist FOB. There is less information for patients who were already receiving NIV for acute respiratory failure and who were scheduled to undergo FOB. In the previous issue of Critical Care, the study by Baumann and colleagues adds new information to this specific issue, addressing the feasibility and safety of FOB during NIV in patients with established hypoxemic respiratory failure.