B cells are important in the development of autoimmune disorders by mechanisms involving
disregulated polyclonal B-cell activation, production of pathogenic antibodies, and co-…

… A tubular retractor system was first developed for microdiscectomy in 1994 by Foley and
Smith, 25 and its basic concept is the foundation on which several contemporary approaches to …

Levels of inflammatory mediators in circulation are known to increase with age, but the
underlying cause of this age-associated inflammation is debated. We find that, when maintained …

Forty-nine patients underwent minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)
from October 2001 to August 2002 (minimum 18-month follow-up). The diagnosis was …

BLyS and APRIL have similar but distinct biological roles, mediated through two known TNF
receptor family members, TACI and BCMA. We show that mice treated with TACI-Ig and TACI…

Study Design. In vitro study to determine occupational radiation exposure during lumbar
fluoroscopy. Objectives. To assess radiation exposure to the spine surgeon during …

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum that
propagates innate immune sensing of cytosolic pathogen-derived and self DNA 1 . The …

Object. Standard techniques for pedicle screw fixation of the lumbar spine involve open
exposures and extensive muscle dissection. The purpose of this study was to report the initial …

OBJECTIVE: The microendoscopic discectomy (MED) technique was initially developed in
1997 to treat herniated lumbar disc disease. Since then, thousands of cases have been …

Study Design. A prospective, randomized, multicenter, Food and Drug Administration-regulated
Investigational Device Exemption clinical trial. Objective. To evaluate the safety and …