Rationale: Acquired pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a syndrome characterized by
pulmonary surfactant accumulation occurring in association with granulocyte/macrophage …

Background Obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia are prevalent in
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Metabolic syndrome, however, is defined by visceral …

Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, whether idiopathic or secondary, is characterized by
structural alterations of microscopically small pulmonary arterioles. The vascular lesions in …

Rationale: Inhaled granulocyte/macrophage–colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a promising
therapy for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) but has not been adequately studied. …

Background Reference values for lung function tests should be periodically updated
because of birth cohort effects and improved technology. This study updates the spirometric …

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α ), a potent proinflammatory cytokine, may be involved in the
development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The production of TNF- α is …

The antiviral effects of chloroquine (CQ) on human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) infection
of human fetal lung cell line, L132 are reported. CQ significantly decreased the viral …

Pulmonary hypertension remained an unexplained intractable disease with poor prognosis.
In the last 2 decades, however, the diagnosis and treatment methods for this disease …

… Tatsumi K, … Yoshioka K, Abe M, Shiko Y, Koshikawa K, Kawasaki Y, Iwasawa S,
Terada J, Tsushima K, Tatsumi K, Suzuki T …

Background Obesity and visceral fat accumulation (VFA) are risk factors for the development
of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and a subgroup of OSAHS …