… Dr Brochard reported that his research laboratory has received research grants for the
conduct of clinical trials during 2006, 2007, and 2008 from Dräger, General Electric, Maquet, …

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is widely used in the acute care setting for acute
respiratory failure (ARF) across a variety of aetiologies. This document provides European …

Rationale: Recent literature in mechanical ventilation includes strong evidence from
randomized trials. Little information is available regarding the influence of these trials on usual …

Importance Limited information exists about the epidemiology, recognition, management,
and outcomes of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Objectives To …

Background Whether noninvasive ventilation should be administered in patients with acute
hypoxemic respiratory failure is debated. Therapy with high-flow oxygen through a nasal …

Background The efficacy of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in
patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains controversial. …

Purpose Our objective was to revise the definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
using a conceptual model incorporating reliability and validity, and a novel iterative …

Background Mechanical-ventilation strategies that use lower end-inspiratory (plateau)
airway pressures, lower tidal volumes (V T ), and higher positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEPs…

Background In patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
noninvasive ventilation may be used in an attempt to avoid endotracheal intubation and …

Context The need for lung protection is universally accepted, but the optimal level of positive
end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory …