The 2020 Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Report highlights the
importance of sputum purulence in the decision to prescribe antibiotics for acute exacerbations. …

… , with increased numbers of macrophages as well as CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes. …
Compared with traditional T-tube updraft nebulizers, these venturi-type devices generate a more-…

Background Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD), the most common genetic cause
of emphysema presents with unexplained phenotypic heterogeneity in affected subjects. Our …

PURPOSE:: As a result of endourological advances, biomaterials have become increasingly
used within the urinary tract. This review article provides an update on the current status of …

… First, we tested for unadjusted associations between the variables and the status of ED
visits or hospitalization using Chi-square test or t-test, as appropriate. The value p<0.1 was …

PURPOSE: Percutaneous treatment of patients with calculi in a horseshoe kidney can be
challenging due to the altered anatomical relationship in the retroperitoneum. Therefore, we …

PURPOSE: We assessed the safety and efficacy of ureteroscopy and holmium:YAG laser
lithotripsy for treating upper urinary tract calculi in patients with known and uncorrected …

Objectives. To review the results of holmium laser lithotripsy in a cohort of patients who
presented with symptomatic urolithiasis in pregnancy. Symptomatic urolithiasis in pregnancy that …

Chronic physical illness is associated with significant vulnerability for emotional disorders.
Some studies suggest anxiety and depression are common comorbidities in individuals with …

Purpose : Surgical simulation has emerged in the last decade as a potential tool for aiding
acquisition of technical skills, including anesthesia protocols, trauma management, cardiac …