Food losses due to crop infections from pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi are
persistent issues in agriculture for centuries across the globe. In order to minimize the disease …

The human miR-29 family of microRNAs has three mature members, miR-29a, miR-29b,
and miR-29c. miR-29s are encoded by two gene clusters. Binding sites for several …

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied and used for the construction of
electrochemical biosensors owing to their small size, cylindrical shape, large surface-to-volume …

The immune system recognizes invaders as foreign because they express determinants
that are absent on host cells or because they lack “markers of self” that are normally present. …

Recent studies indicate that mammals, including humans, maintain some capacity to renew
cardiomyocytes throughout postnatal life 1 , 2 . Yet, there is little or no significant cardiac …

Exosomes are secreted, single membrane organelles of ∼100 nm diameter. Their biogenesis
is typically thought to occur in a two-step process involving (1) outward vesicle budding at …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and disabling, but its neuropathophysiology
remains unclear. Most studies of functional brain networks in MDD have had limited statistical …

INTRODUCTION Obesity accounts for a substantial and growing burden of disease globally.
Body adiposity is highly heritable, and human genetic studies can lead to biological and …

Exosomes are secreted organelles that have the same topology as the cell and bud outward
(outward is defined as away from the cytoplasm) from endosome membranes or endosome-…

CD8 + T cell exhaustion dampens antitumor immunity. Although several transcription factors
have been identified that regulate T cell exhaustion, the molecular mechanisms by which …