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Research ArticleOriginal Contributions

Imposed Power of Breathing Associated With Use of an Impedance Threshold Device

Ahamed H Idris, Victor A Convertino, Duane A Ratliff, Donald F Doerr, Keith G Lurie, Andrea Gabrielli and Michael J Banner
Respiratory Care February 2007, 52 (2) 177-183;
Ahamed H Idris
Departments of Surgery and Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
MD
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Victor A Convertino
United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
PhD
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Duane A Ratliff
Bionetics Corporation, at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Florida
MSc
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Donald F Doerr
Biological and Chemical Laboratories Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Florida
MSc
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Keith G Lurie
Advanced Circulatory Systems, Eden Prairie, Minnesota, and with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
MD
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Andrea Gabrielli
Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
MD
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Michael J Banner
Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
PhD
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To measure the imposed power of breathing (imposed work of breathing per minute) associated with spontaneous breathing through an active impedance threshold device and a sham impedance threshold device.

DESIGN: Prospective randomized blinded protocol.

SETTING: University medical center.

PATIENTS: Nineteen healthy, normotensive volunteers (10 males, 9 females, age range 20–56 y, mean ± SD weight 54.8 ± 7.7 kg for females, 84 ± 8 kg for males).

METHODS: The volunteers completed 2 trials of breathing through a face mask fitted with an active impedance threshold device set to open at −7 cm H2O pressure, or with a sham impedance threshold device, which was identical to the active device except that it did not contain an inspiratory threshold pressure valve diaphragm. Spontaneous breathing frequency (f), tidal volume (VT), exhaled minute ventilation, inspiratory pressure, and inspiratory time were measured with a respiratory monitor, and the data were directed to a laptop computer for real-time calculation of the imposed power of breathing.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences in heart rate, respiratory rate, tidal volume, and minute ventilation, with and without inspiratory impedance. For the sham and active impedance threshold device groups, respectively, the mean ± SD imposed power of breathing values were 0.92 ± 0.63 J/min and 8.18 ± 4.52 J/min (p < 0.001), the mean ± SD inspiratory times were 1.98 ± 0.86 s and 2.97 ± 1.1 s (p = 0.001), and the mean ± SD inspiratory airway/mouth pressures were −1.1 ± 0.6 cm H2O and −11.7 ± 2.4 cm H2O (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Breathing through an active impedance threshold device requires significantly more power than breathing through a sham device. All subjects tolerated the respiratory work load and were able to complete the study protocol.

  • respiration
  • power of breathing
  • minute ventilation
  • inspiratory pressure
  • hypotension

Footnotes

  • Correspondence: Michael J Banner PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100254, Gainesville FL 32610–0254.
  • Ahamed H Idris MD presented a version of this report at the 34th annual Critical Care Congress of the Society of Critical Care Medicine, held January 15–19, 2005, in Phoenix, Arizona.

  • Copyright © 2007 by Daedalus Enterprises Inc.
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Respiratory Care: 52 (2)
Respiratory Care
Vol. 52, Issue 2
1 Feb 2007
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Imposed Power of Breathing Associated With Use of an Impedance Threshold Device
Ahamed H Idris, Victor A Convertino, Duane A Ratliff, Donald F Doerr, Keith G Lurie, Andrea Gabrielli, Michael J Banner
Respiratory Care Feb 2007, 52 (2) 177-183;

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Imposed Power of Breathing Associated With Use of an Impedance Threshold Device
Ahamed H Idris, Victor A Convertino, Duane A Ratliff, Donald F Doerr, Keith G Lurie, Andrea Gabrielli, Michael J Banner
Respiratory Care Feb 2007, 52 (2) 177-183;
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Keywords

  • respiration
  • power of breathing
  • minute ventilation
  • inspiratory pressure
  • hypotension

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