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Research ArticleConference Proceedings

Health Care Worker Protection in Mass Casualty Respiratory Failure: Infection Control, Decontamination, and Personal Protective Equipment

Elizabeth L Daugherty
Respiratory Care February 2008, 53 (2) 201-214;
Elizabeth L Daugherty
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
MD MPH
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Abstract

Maintenance of a safe and stable health care infrastructure is critical to an effective mass casualty disaster response. Both secondary contamination during chemical disasters and hospital-associated infections during epidemic illness can pose substantial threats to achieving this goal. Understanding basic principles of decontamination and infection control during responses to chemical and biologic disasters can help minimize the risks to patients and health care workers. Effective decontamination following toxic chemical exposure should include both removal of contaminated clothing and decontamination of the victim's skin. Wet decontamination is the most feasible strategy in a mass casualty situation and should be performed promptly by trained personnel. In the event of an epidemic, infection prevention and control measures are based on essential principles of hand hygiene and standard precautions. Expanded precautions should be instituted as needed to target contact, droplet, and airborne routes of infectious disease transmission. Specific equipment and measures for critical care delivery may serve to decrease risk to health care workers in the event of an epidemic. Their use should be considered in developing comprehensive disaster response plans.

  • decontamination
  • infection control
  • personal protective equipment
  • respiratory failure
  • chemical disaster
  • epidemic

Footnotes

  • Correspondence: Elizabeth L Daugherty MD MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument Street, 5th Floor, Baltimore MD 21205. E-mail: edaughe2{at}jhmi.edu.
  • Dr Daugherty presented a version of this paper at the 40th Respiratory Care Journal Conference, “Mechanical Ventilation in Mass Casualty Scenarios,” held July 16–17, 2007, in Reno, Nevada.

  • Copyright © 2008 by Daedalus Enterprises Inc.
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Respiratory Care: 53 (2)
Respiratory Care
Vol. 53, Issue 2
1 Feb 2008
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Health Care Worker Protection in Mass Casualty Respiratory Failure: Infection Control, Decontamination, and Personal Protective Equipment
Elizabeth L Daugherty
Respiratory Care Feb 2008, 53 (2) 201-214;

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Health Care Worker Protection in Mass Casualty Respiratory Failure: Infection Control, Decontamination, and Personal Protective Equipment
Elizabeth L Daugherty
Respiratory Care Feb 2008, 53 (2) 201-214;
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Keywords

  • decontamination
  • infection control
  • personal protective equipment
  • respiratory failure
  • chemical disaster
  • epidemic

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Print ISSN: 0020-1324        Online ISSN: 1943-3654

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