Electrocardiographic Guidance for the Placement of Gastric Feeding Tubes: A Pediatric Case Series

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Fig. 1.
Catheter, ventilator, and example of the waveforms of the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EA_di) in neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) ventilation. The EA_di catheter (A) has 9 electrodes, the signals from which are filtered down to 4 waveforms, which are transmitted to the ventilator (B), and displayed on the catheter-positioning screen (C).
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Fig. 2.
Electrical activity of the diaphragm (EA_di) waveforms from the EA_di catheter of the neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) ventilation system. A: Proper catheter positioning in the stomach is indicated by the absence of P waves in the bottom EA_di waveform. B: The catheter is too far cephalad (above the gastroesophageal junction), indicated by the presence of P waves in all 4 EA_di waveforms. C: The catheter is too far caudal (below the gastroesophageal junction), indicated by the absence of P waves in all 4 EA_di waveforms. D: The catheter is curled, indicated by 2 identical EA_di waveforms with a decreased-voltage waveform in between.