Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Time course of mechanical ventilation, showing the tidal volumes that resulted from settings for inspiratory pressure (Phigh) and end-expiratory pressure (Plow).
- Fig. 2.
Representative sections from computerized tomographic images of the chest. Series A1–3 were obtained 2 days after initial onset of flu like symptoms. Series B1–3 were obtained 17 days later. Series A1–3 show typical features of ARDS, with consolidation predominantly in dorsal regions of the lung and bilateral pleural effusions. Seventeen days later, volutrauma is evident, predominantly in the ventral portions of the lung. This suggests that the consolidated portions of the lung were protected from injury due to high volumes.
- Fig. 3.
Representative chest radiographs that show the evolution of ventilator-induced lung injury. On days 0 and 5, when the patient was on pressure control continuous mandatory ventilation, there is no evidence for ventilator-induced lung injury. However, hyperinflation of the left lung is evident. On day 8, after 3 days of ventilation in APRV/BiLevel, areas of hyperlucency are evident on both sides. By day 15, cystic changes are evident (open arrows). Day 25 shows progression of lung injury with pneumothorax on the lower right side (3 arrows).
- Fig. 4.
Patient-ventilator simulator implemented with a spreadsheet (see text for explanation).
- Fig. 5.
This figure illustrates the interdependence of autoPEEP, tidal volume, and the Tlow setting.
- Fig. 6.
This figure illustrates the dependence of simulated PaCO2 on the Tlow setting.
- Fig. 7.
Simulated ventilator with BIPAP setting (inspiratory-expiratory ratio < 1:1) with the same end-expiratory lung pressure, tidal volume, and alveolar ventilation, but lower mean airway pressure, compared to APRV in Figure 4.
- Fig. 8.
Simulated ventilator with BIPAP setting (inspiratory-expiratory ratio < 1:1), with the same end-expiratory lung pressure, tidal volume, and mean airway pressure, but lower alveolar ventilation, compared to APRV in Figure 4.
