Patterns, Perception and Behavior of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use and Multiple Product Use Among Young Adults

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Beauval N,
   2. Antherieu S,
   3. Soyez M,
   4. Gengler N,
   5. Grova N,
   6. Howsam M,
   7. et al

   . Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes: Multicomponent analysis of liquid refills and their corresponding aerosols. J Anal Toxicol 2017;1–9.
2. 2.↵
   1. Hutzler C,
   2. Paschke M,
   3. Kruschinski S,
   4. Henkler F,
   5. Hahn J,
   6. Luch A

   . Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes. Arch Toxicol 2014;88(7):1295–1308.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. King BA,
   2. Patel R,
   3. Nguyen KH,
   4. Dube SR

   . Trends in awareness and use of electronic cigarettes among US adults, 2010-2013. Nicotine Tobacco Res 2014;17(2):219–227.

   OpenUrl
4. 4.↵
   1. Murthy V

   . E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: a report of the surgeon general. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016.
5. 5.↵
   1. Schoenborn C,
   2. Gindi RM

   . Electronic cigarette use among adults: United States, 2014. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db217.htm. Accessed February 21, 2018.
6. 6.↵
   1. Weaver SR,
   2. Majeed BA,
   3. Pechacek TF,
   4. Nyman AL,
   5. Gregory KR,
   6. Eriksen MP

   . Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and other tobacco products among USA adults, 2014: results from a national survey. Int J Public Health 2016;61(2):177–188.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Vaporizers, E-Cigarettes, and other Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS). http://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/Labeling/ProductsIngredientsComponents/ucm456610.htm. Accessed February 21, 2018.
8. 8.↵
   1. Baassiri M,
   2. Talih S,
   3. Salman R,
   4. Karaoghlanian N,
   5. Saleh R,
   6. El Hage R,
   7. et al

   . Clouds and “throat hit”: effects of liquid composition on nicotine emissions and physical characteristics of electronic cigarette aerosols. Aerosol Sci Technol. 2017 [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1080/02786826.2017.1341040.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
9. 9.↵
   1. Lee M,
   2. LeBouf RF,
   3. Son Y,
   4. Koutrakis P,
   5. Christiani DC

   . Nicotine, aerosol particles, carbonyls and volatile organic compounds in tobacco-and menthol-flavored e-cigarettes. Environ Health 2017;16(1):42.

   OpenUrl
10. 10.↵
    1. Schroeder MJ,
    2. Hoffman AC

    . Electronic cigarettes and nicotine clinical pharmacology. Tob Control 2014;23(Suppl 2):ii30–ii35.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
11. 11.↵
    1. Cantrell FL

    . Adverse effects of e-cigarette exposures. J Community Health 2014;39(3):614–616.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
12. 12.
    1. Chatham-Stephens K,
    2. Law R,
    3. Taylor E,
    4. Melstrom P,
    5. Bunnell R,
    6. Wang B,
    7. et al

    . Notes from the field: calls to poison centers for exposures to electronic cigarettes–United States, September 2010-February 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014;63(13):292–293.

    OpenUrlPubMed
13. 13.↵
    1. Meo S,
    2. Al Asiri S

    . Effects of electronic cigarette smoking on human health. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014;18(21):3315–3319.

    OpenUrl
14. 14.↵
    1. Welz C,
    2. Canis M,
    3. Schwenk-Zieger S,
    4. Becker S,
    5. Stucke V,
    6. Ihler F,
    7. Baumeister P

    . Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of electronic cigarette liquids on human mucosal tissue cultures of the oropharynx. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2016;35(4):343–354.

    OpenUrl
15. 15.↵
    1. Talbot P

    . Potential health effects of electronic cigarettes: A systematic review of case reports. Prev Med Rep 2016;4:169–178.

    OpenUrl
16. 16.↵
    1. Bandiera FC,
    2. Caban-Martinez AJ,
    3. Arheart KL,
    4. Davila EP,
    5. Fleming LE,
    6. Dietz NA,
    7. et al

    . Secondhand smoke policy and the risk of depression. Ann Behav Med 2010;39(2):198–203.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
17. 17.↵
    1. Lechner WV,
    2. Janssen T,
    3. Kahler CW,
    4. Audrain-McGovern J,
    5. Leventhal AM

    . Bi-directional associations of electronic and combustible cigarette use onset patterns with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Prev Med 2017;96:73–78.

    OpenUrl
18. 18.↵
    1. Allen JG,
    2. Flanigan SS,
    3. LeBlanc M,
    4. Vallarino J,
    5. MacNaughton P,
    6. Stewart JH,
    7. Christiani DC

    . Flavoring chemicals in e-cigarettes: diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, and acetoin in a sample of 51 products, including fruit-, candy-, and cocktail-flavored e-cigarettes. Environ Health Perspect 2016;124(6):733–739.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
19. 19.
    1. Talih S,
    2. Balhas Z,
    3. Salman R,
    4. Karaoghlanian N,
    5. Shihadeh A

    . “Direct dripping”: a high-temperature, high-formaldehyde emission electronic cigarette use method. Nicotine Tobacco Res 2015;18(4):453–459.

    OpenUrl
20. 20.
    1. Tierney PA,
    2. Karpinski CD,
    3. Brown JE,
    4. Luo W,
    5. Pankow JF

    . Flavour chemicals in electronic cigarette fluids. Tob Control 2016;25(e1):e10–e15.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
21. 21.↵
    1. Williams M,
    2. Villarreal A,
    3. Bozhilov K,
    4. Lin S,
    5. Talbot P

    . Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PloS One 2013;8(3):e57987.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    1. Schober W,
    2. Szendrei K,
    3. Matzen W,
    4. et al

    . Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) impairs indoor air quality and increases FeNO levels of e-cigarette consumers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014;217(6):628–637.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
23. 23.↵
    1. Goniewicz ML,
    2. Lee L

    . Electronic cigarettes are a source of thirdhand exposure to nicotine. Nicotine Tobacco Res 2014;17(2):256–258.

    OpenUrl
24. 24.
    1. Sleiman M,
    2. Gundel LA,
    3. Pankow JF,
    4. Jacob P 3rd.,
    5. Singer BC,
    6. Destaillats H

    . Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107(15):6576–6581.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
25. 25.↵
    1. Matt GE,
    2. Quintana PJ,
    3. Destaillats H,
    4. et al

    . Thirdhand tobacco smoke: emerging evidence and arguments for a multidisciplinary research agenda. Environ Health Perspect 2011;119(9):1218–1226.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. 26.↵
    1. Sutfin EL,
    2. McCoy TP,
    3. Morrell HE,
    4. Hoeppner BB,
    5. Wolfson M

    . Electronic cigarette use by college students. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013;131(3):214–221.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
27. 27.↵
    1. Martinasek MP,
    2. Haddad LG,
    3. Wheldon CW,
    4. Barnett TE

    . Beliefs and attitudes associated with hookah smoking among a United States college population. Respir Care 2017;62(3):370–379.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
28. 28.↵
    1. Doran N,
    2. Brikmanis K,
    3. Petersen A,
    4. Delucchi K,
    5. Al-Delaimy WK,
    6. Luczak S,
    7. et al

    . Does e-cigarette use predict cigarette escalation? A longitudinal study of young adult non-daily smokers. Prev Med 2017;100:279–284.

    OpenUrl
29. 29.↵
    1. Primack BA,
    2. Soneji S,
    3. Stoolmiller M,
    4. Fine MJ,
    5. Sargent JD

    . Progression to traditional cigarette smoking after electronic cigarette use among US adolescents and young adults. JAMA Pediatr 2015;169(11):1018–1023.

    OpenUrl