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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Bench Assessment of Expiratory Valve Resistance of Current ICU Ventilators in Dynamic Conditions

Alexandre Pinède, Martin Cour, Florian Degivry, Bruno Louis, Laurent Argaud and Claude Guérin
Respiratory Care April 2021, 66 (4) 610-618; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.08098
Alexandre Pinède
Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
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Martin Cour
Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Faculté de Médecin Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Florian Degivry
Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
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Bruno Louis
Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, INSERM 955/CNRS ERL 7000, Créteil, France.
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Laurent Argaud
Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Faculté de Médecin Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Claude Guérin
Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Faculté de Médecin Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, INSERM 955/CNRS ERL 7000, Créteil, France.
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the lack of benefit of setting a low versus a high PEEP in patients with ARDS may be due in part to differences in the dynamic behavior of the expiratory valve in ventilators. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a bench comparison of the dynamic behavior of expiratory valves on ICU ventilators currently in use.

METHODS: We attached 7 ICU ventilators (C5, C6, Carescape, PB980, ServoU, V500, and V680) to the ASL 5000 lung model (passive condition with compliance 20 mL/cm H2O and resistance 5 cm H2O/L/s) and set in volume controlled mode (tidal volume 0.8 L, breathing frequency 10 breaths/min). Flow and pressure were measured just before the exhalation valve. At PEEP of 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O, the median instantaneous expiratory resistance, the time to valve opening, and the pressure time products above or below the values of PEEP (expressed in cm H2O × s) were determined.

RESULTS: Median instantaneous expiratory resistance values differed between the ventilators and PEEP settings with a significant interaction: at PEEP 5 cm H2O, the median (interquartile range) expiratory resistance values were 3.9 (3.5–4.7), 3.0 (3.0–3.1), 20.9 (15.8–24.9), 27.4 (26.5–43.2), 13.8 (13.6–13.9), 4.4 (4.0–4.6), and 34.3 (33.7–33.8) cm H2O/L/s, for the C5, C6, Carescape, PB980, ServoU, V500, and V680, respectively. For all the PEEP settings, the corresponding times to valve opening were 0.080 (0.077–0.082), 0.082 (0.080–0.085), 0.110 (0.105–0.110), 0.100 (0.085–1.05), 0.072 (0.062–0.072), 0.145 (0.115–0.150), and 0.075 (0.070–0.080) s, respectively, and pressure-time products were 2.8 (2.1–7.4), 6.8 (6.7–7.3), 2.4 (2.1–2.4), 3.5 (2.7–3.6), 1.8 (1.8–2.1), 2.8 (2.7–2.9), and 5.7 (5.4–5.9) cm H2O × s, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The resistance of active expiratory valves differed significantly between the 7 ICU ventilators tested.

  • expiratory valve
  • flow resistance
  • ICU ventilator
  • PEEP
  • ARDS
  • mechanical ventilation
  • PEEP device

Footnotes

  • Correspondence: Claude Guérin MD PhD, Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5 place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France. E-mail: claude.guerin{at}chu-lyon.fr
  • The authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest.

  • Copyright © 2021 by Daedalus Enterprises
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Respiratory Care: 66 (4)
Respiratory Care
Vol. 66, Issue 4
1 Apr 2021
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Bench Assessment of Expiratory Valve Resistance of Current ICU Ventilators in Dynamic Conditions
Alexandre Pinède, Martin Cour, Florian Degivry, Bruno Louis, Laurent Argaud, Claude Guérin
Respiratory Care Apr 2021, 66 (4) 610-618; DOI: 10.4187/respcare.08098

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Bench Assessment of Expiratory Valve Resistance of Current ICU Ventilators in Dynamic Conditions
Alexandre Pinède, Martin Cour, Florian Degivry, Bruno Louis, Laurent Argaud, Claude Guérin
Respiratory Care Apr 2021, 66 (4) 610-618; DOI: 10.4187/respcare.08098
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Keywords

  • expiratory valve
  • flow resistance
  • ICU ventilator
  • PEEP
  • ARDS
  • mechanical ventilation
  • PEEP device

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