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Research ArticleOriginal Research

High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Pediatric Critical Asthma

Rachel M Gates, Kaitlyn E Haynes, Kyle J Rehder, Kanecia O Zimmerman, Alexandre T Rotta and Andrew G Miller
Respiratory Care August 2021, 66 (8) 1240-1246; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.08740
Rachel M Gates
Respiratory Care Services, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Kaitlyn E Haynes
Respiratory Care Services, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Kyle J Rehder
Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Kanecia O Zimmerman
Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Alexandre T Rotta
Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Andrew G Miller
Respiratory Care Services, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been used in the treatment of pediatric asthma, although high-quality data comparing HFNC to aerosol mask nebulizer are lacking. We hypothesized that HFNC would perform similarly to the aerosol mask for meaningful clinical outcomes in children with critical asthma.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with critical asthma (age 2–17 y) with a modified pulmonary index score (MPIS) ≥ 8 admitted to our pediatric ICU as part of a quality improvement project. Patients were managed with our MPIS-based, respiratory therapist-driven protocol. Subjects were divided into 2 cohorts by initial respiratory support: HFNC or aerosol mask. Data included demographics, initial respiratory support, and MPIS over time. Primary outcome was hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcome was difference in MPIS over time.

RESULTS: We included 171 subjects, with 104 in the HFNC group and 67 in the aerosol mask group. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was lower in the HFNC group (5 [IQR 4–9] vs 7 [IQR 5–10] y, P = .006)], while other demographic characteristics were similar. Initial MPIS was similar between HFNC and aerosol mask groups (11 [IQR 9–12] vs 10 [IQR 9–12], P = .15). There were no significant differences for hospital LOS (2.9 [IQR 2.1–3.9] vs 3.0 [IQR 2.3–4.4] d, P = .47), pediatric ICU LOS (1.9 [IQR 1.4–2.8] vs 1.8 [IQR 1.5–3.0] d, P = .92), or time to MPIS < 6 (1.0 [IQR 0.6–1.6] vs 1.3 [IQR 0.8–1.9) d, P = .09) between the HFNC and aerosol mask groups, respectively. Median time on continuous albuterol was shorter in the HFNC group compared to the aerosol mask group (1.0 [IQR 0.7–1.8] vs 1.5 [IQR 0.9–2.3] d, P = .048). Of note, 16 (24%) subjects in the aerosol mask group were eventually treated with HFNC. Use of a helium-oxygen mixture and noninvasive ventilation was similar between groups.

CONCLUSIONS: HFNC performed similarly to aerosol mask in pediatric patients with critical asthma.

  • asthma
  • status asthmaticus
  • high-flow nasal cannula
  • pediatrics
  • pediatric critical care
  • intensive care

Footnotes

  • Correspondence: Andrew G Miller MSc RRT RRT-ACCS RRT-NPS FAARC, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710. E-mail: andrew.g.miller{at}duke.edu
  • See the Related Editorial on Page 1366

  • Ms Gates presented a version of this paper as an Editors’ Choice abstract at AARC Congress Live, held virtually on November 20, 2020.

  • Supplementary material related to this paper is available at http://www.rcjournal.com.

  • Dr Rotta has disclosed relationships with Vapotherm, Breas US, and Elsevier. Mr Miller discloses a relationship with Ventec Life Systems and serves as Section Editor for Respiratory Care. The other authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest.

  • Copyright © 2021 by Daedalus Enterprises
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Respiratory Care: 66 (8)
Respiratory Care
Vol. 66, Issue 8
1 Aug 2021
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High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Pediatric Critical Asthma
Rachel M Gates, Kaitlyn E Haynes, Kyle J Rehder, Kanecia O Zimmerman, Alexandre T Rotta, Andrew G Miller
Respiratory Care Aug 2021, 66 (8) 1240-1246; DOI: 10.4187/respcare.08740

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High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Pediatric Critical Asthma
Rachel M Gates, Kaitlyn E Haynes, Kyle J Rehder, Kanecia O Zimmerman, Alexandre T Rotta, Andrew G Miller
Respiratory Care Aug 2021, 66 (8) 1240-1246; DOI: 10.4187/respcare.08740
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Keywords

  • asthma
  • status asthmaticus
  • high-flow nasal cannula
  • pediatrics
  • pediatric critical care
  • intensive care

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