Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Erector Spinae Muscles in Individuals With COPD

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Fig. 1.
Flow chart. CT = computed tomography.
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Fig. 2.
Annual changes in the cross-sectional area of (A) the erector spinae muscles (ESM_CSA) and (B) the pectoralis muscles (PM_CSA) in subjects with COPD. Rehabilitation group (n = 39): subjects who participated in the out-patient pulmonary rehabilitation program. No rehabilitation group (n = 39): subjects did not participate in the pulmonary rehabilitation program. ESM_CSA and PM_CSA declined in the nonrehabilitation group over time and increased in the rehabilitation group. Data are mean ± SD. *P < .001 and **P = .02.
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Fig. 3.
Annual changes in the cross-sectional area of the erector spinae muscles (ESM_CSA) in subjects with COPD who participated in the out-patient pulmonary rehabilitation program. Responders (n = 17): subjects in whom the 6MWD increased more than the minimum clinically important difference (30 m) after the rehabilitation program. Nonresponders (n = 22): subjects in whom the 6MWD did not increase. The annual changes in ESM_CSA were significantly greater in responders compared with nonresponders. Data are shown as mean ± SD. *P < .001. 6MWD = 6-min walk distance.