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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Environmental Contamination by SARS-CoV-2 During Noninvasive Ventilation in COVID-19

Alessio Dell’Olio, Caterina Vocale, Alessandra Primavera, Lara Pisani, Salvatore Altavilla, Greta Roncarati, Fabio Tumietto, Pierluigi Viale, Maria Carla Re, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Stefano Nava, V Marco Ranieri and Tommaso Tonetti
Respiratory Care November 2022, respcare.10323; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.10323
Alessio Dell’Olio
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Caterina Vocale
Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Alessandra Primavera
Section of Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Lara Pisani
Section of Pneumology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and Pulmonology and Respiratory Critical Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Salvatore Altavilla
Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Greta Roncarati
Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Fabio Tumietto
Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, Metropolitan Department Integrated Management Infectious Risk, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Pierluigi Viale
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Maria Carla Re
Section of Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Tiziana Lazzarotto
Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and Section of Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Stefano Nava
Section of Pneumology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and Pulmonology and Respiratory Critical Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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V Marco Ranieri
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Tommaso Tonetti
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Environmental contamination by SARS-CoV-2 from patients with COVID-19 undergoing noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the ICU is still under investigation. This study set out to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces near subjects receiving NIV in the ICU under controlled conditions (ie, use of dual-limb circuits, filters, adequate room ventilation).

METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective, observational study in the ICU of a tertiary teaching hospital. Four surface sampling areas, at increasing distance from subject’s face, were identified; and each one was sampled at fixed intervals: 6, 12, and 24 h. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 was detected with real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) test on environmental swabs; the RT-PCR assay targeted the SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleocapsid N1 and N2 genes and the human RNase P gene as internal control.

RESULTS: In a total of 256 collected samples, none were positive for SARS-CoV-2 genetic material, whereas 21 samples (8.2%) tested positive for RNase P, thus demonstrating the presence of genetic material unrelated to SARS-CoV-2.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that application of NIV in an appropriate environment and with correct precautions leads to no sign of surface environmental contamination. Accordingly, our data support the idea that use of NIV in the ICU is safe both for health care workers and for other patients.

  • COVID-19
  • infection control
  • critical care
  • patient safety
  • noninvasive ventilation
  • aerosol-generating procedures

Footnotes

  • Correspondence: Tommaso Tonetti MD, Anestesiologia e Terapia Intensiva Polivalente, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy. E-mail: tommaso.tonetti{at}unibo.it
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Respiratory Care: 68 (2)
Respiratory Care
Vol. 68, Issue 2
1 Feb 2023
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Environmental Contamination by SARS-CoV-2 During Noninvasive Ventilation in COVID-19
Alessio Dell’Olio, Caterina Vocale, Alessandra Primavera, Lara Pisani, Salvatore Altavilla, Greta Roncarati, Fabio Tumietto, Pierluigi Viale, Maria Carla Re, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Stefano Nava, V Marco Ranieri, Tommaso Tonetti
Respiratory Care Nov 2022, respcare.10323; DOI: 10.4187/respcare.10323

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Environmental Contamination by SARS-CoV-2 During Noninvasive Ventilation in COVID-19
Alessio Dell’Olio, Caterina Vocale, Alessandra Primavera, Lara Pisani, Salvatore Altavilla, Greta Roncarati, Fabio Tumietto, Pierluigi Viale, Maria Carla Re, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Stefano Nava, V Marco Ranieri, Tommaso Tonetti
Respiratory Care Nov 2022, respcare.10323; DOI: 10.4187/respcare.10323
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Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • infection control
  • critical care
  • patient safety
  • noninvasive ventilation
  • aerosol-generating procedures

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