PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Lunardi, Adriana C AU - Porras, Desiderio C AU - Barbosa, Renata CC AU - Paisani, Denise M AU - Marques da Silva, Cibele CB AU - Tanaka, Clarice AU - Carvalho, Celso RF TI - Effect of Volume-Oriented Versus Flow-Oriented Incentive Spirometry on Chest Wall Volumes, Inspiratory Muscle Activity, and Thoracoabdominal Synchrony in the Elderly AID - 10.4187/respcare.02665 DP - 2014 Mar 01 TA - Respiratory Care PG - 420--426 VI - 59 IP - 3 4099 - http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/59/3/420.short 4100 - http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/59/3/420.full AB - BACKGROUND: Aging causes physiological and functional changes that impair pulmonary function. Incentive spirometry is widely used for lung expansion, but the effects of volume-oriented incentive spirometry (VIS) versus flow-oriented incentive spirometry (FIS) on chest wall volumes, inspiratory muscle activity, and thoracoabdominal synchrony in the elderly are poorly understood. We compared VIS and FIS in elderly subjects and healthy adult subjects. METHODS: Sixteen elderly subjects (9 women, mean ± SD age 70.6 ± 3.9 y, mean ± SD body mass index 23.8 ± 2.5 kg/m2) and 16 healthy adults (8 women, mean ± age 25.9 ± 4.3 y, mean ± body mass index 23.6 ± 2.4 kg/m2) performed quiet breathing, VIS, and FIS in randomized sequence. Chest wall kinematics (via optoelectronic plethysmography) and inspiratory muscle activity (via surface electromyography) were assessed simultaneously. Synchrony between the superior thorax and abdominal motion was calculated (phase angle). RESULTS: In the elderly subjects both types of incentive spirometry increased chest wall volumes similarly, whereas in the healthy adult subjects VIS increased the chest wall volume more than did FIS. FIS and VIS triggered similar lower thoracoabdominal synchrony in the elderly subjects, whereas in the healthy adults FIS induced lower synchrony than did VIS. FIS required more muscle activity in the elderly subjects to create an increase in chest wall volume. CONCLUSIONS: Incentive spirometry performance is influenced by age, and the differences between elderly and healthy adults response should be considered in clinical practice.