Brief observationObstructive and restrictive lung disease and markers of inflammation: data from the third national health and nutrition examination
Section snippets
Study sample
NHANES III was conducted from 1988 to 1994 by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (9). Our study sample was limited to 15,697 adults aged 17 years or older who had undergone pulmonary function testing either at home or at the mobile examination center, and had complete data on their race, smoking status, height, and presence of respiratory symptoms. Serum and plasma samples were obtained during the examination. Fibrinogen
Results
Our final data set included 15,697 subjects, representing an estimated 170 million adults in the United States. The pulmonary function criteria classified 2% of subjects as having severe COPD, 5% as having moderate COPD, and 6% as having restrictive lung disease (Table 1).
Compared with subjects who had no lung disease, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels were elevated in those with any measure of lung disease, as were the proportions of those with C-reactive protein levels ≥3.0 mg/L or
Discussion
In this analysis of a nationally representative sample of 15,697 U.S. adults, both obstructive and restrictive lung diseases were predictors of increased levels of plasma fibrinogen and serum C-reactive protein. This association remained significant after adjusting for several covariates related to fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and lung function.
Patients with COPD have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The explanation for this association is unknown, but thought to be related to
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