Respiration Physiology
Breathing pattern in humans: diversity and individuality
Section snippets
Breathing frequency
The earliest data available on spontaneous breathing frequency values are those of Quetelet (1842) on 300 subjects and of Hutchinson (1850) on 1714 adult subjects. These data appear to be the most extensive so far published and show the very wide frequency range (between 6 and 31 breaths per minute) observed in adults. In addition, they have the merit of being obtained by observation and thus not being altered by the use of any measuring device.
The large range of breathing frequencies observed
Breath-to-breath variations in the pattern of breathing
Priban (1963) was the first to demonstrate that the breath-to-breath fluctuations in respiratory cycle variables were not purely random. He concluded that, “it is not unlikely that some system would be able to compare one breath to its predecessor and adjust it or the following one with respect to frequency and volume and so produce the observed pattern of breathing”.
Using mainly time-series analyses and statistical models, several studies confirmed the non random nature of the fluctuations of
Individuality of breathing pattern
The existence of the individuality of the breathing pattern has been observed by all the investigators who have had to perform several recordings on one subject. Thus, from the observation of pneumotachograms, Proctor and Hardy (1949) reported that “the comparison of consecutive cycles or cycles taken on different days from records on any single subject impresses one with the consistency with which an individual pattern is reproduced”. Morrow and Vosteen (1953) confirmed these observations and
How are control subjects to be chosen?
In most studies on ventilatory changes, control experiments are carried out on subjects matched by age, weight and sex. Given the diversity of the breathing pattern the question arises as to whether this age and morphology matching yields adequate control subjects.
It has not been clearly established whether in adult human subjects, there is a relationship between these characteristics and the components of the breathing pattern. Jammes et al. (1979) reported a study on 235 subjects of both
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