Oral versus intravenous corticosteroids in children hospitalized with asthma,☆☆,

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Abstract

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that in the emergency treatment of an asthma exacerbation, corticosteroids used in conjunction with β-agonists result in lower hospitalization rates for children and adults. Furthermore, orally administered corticosteroids have been found to be effective in the treatment of outpatients with asthma. However, similar data in inpatients is lacking. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of oral prednisone versus intravenous methylprednisolone in equivalent doses for the treatment of an acute asthma exacerbation in hospitalized children. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, double-placebo study comparing oral prednisone at 2 mg/kg/dose (maximum 120 mg/dose) twice daily versus intravenous methylprednisolone at 1 mg/kg/dose (maximum 60 mg/dose) four times daily in a group of patients 2 through 18 years of age hospitalized for an acute asthma exacerbation. All patients were assessed by a clinical asthma score 3 times a day. The main study outcome was length of hospitalization; total length of stay and time elapsed before β-agonists could be administered at 6-hour intervals. Duration of supplemental oxygen administration and peak flow measurements were secondary outcome measures. Results: Sixty-six patients were evaluated. Children in the prednisone group had a mean length of stay of 70 hours compared with 78 hours for the methylprednisolone group (P = .52). Children in the prednisone group were successfully weaned to β-agonists in 6-hour intervals after 59 hours compared with 68 hours for the methylprednisolone group (P = .47). Patients receiving prednisone required supplemental oxygen for 30 hours compared with 52 hours for the methylprednisolone group (P = .04). Conclusion: There was no difference in length of hospital stay between asthmatic patients receiving oral prednisone and those receiving intravenous methylprednisolone. Because hospitalization charges are approximately 10 times greater for intravenous methylprednisolone compared with oral prednisone, the use of oral prednisone to treat inpatients with acute asthma would result in substantial savings. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:586-90.)

Section snippets

Patients

Patients included in this study were children between 2 and 18 years of age with an acute asthma exacerbation treated in the emergency department (ED) of St Christopher’s Hospital for Children between November 1995 and March 1996.

Patients with the diagnosis of an acute exacerbation of reactive airways disease were initially evaluated by the ED staff who assessed their degree of illness and need for hospitalization. All study children were treated in the ED with frequent β-agonists delivered by

RESULTS

Seventy patients were initially enrolled in the study. Subsequently, 4 patients were removed from the study, 3 as a result of medication errors and one who required transfer to the intensive care unit for more aggressive management. Sixty-six patients completed the study, 33 in each group. There was no difference between the prednisone and methylprednisolone groups for patient gender, age, or time spent in the ED (Table II).

. Patient characteristics and time spent in the ED

Empty CellPrednisoneEmpty Cell

DISCUSSION

These data show that equipotent daily doses of oral prednisone and intravenous methylprednisolone were equally efficacious in the treatment of pediatric patients hospitalized with acute asthma.

The 1997 National Institutes of Health guidelines15 recommend oral prednisone for hospitalized patients, even though there has not been a well-designed randomized controlled trial done to support this. In a 1993 review article, McFadden17 concluded that oral and intravenous corticosteroids were probably

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    Supported by grant #96-017-1SCHC from Allegheny-Singer Research Institute.

    ☆☆

    Reprint requests: Jack M. Becker, MD, St Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Section of Allergy, Front at Erie St, Philadelphia, PA 19134.

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