Original articlesIncreased Levels of C-Reactive Protein in Noncontrolled Type II Diabetic Subjects
Introduction
Acute-phase response proteins levels are increased in diabetic subjects and seems to be that it are involved in the rate of diabetic microangiopathy progression.1, 2 On this matter, Pickup et al.3 have shown a significant graded increase of serum acute-phase proteins in type II diabetes, that may contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis. The increase of acute-phase proteins is not likely by itself produce diabetic microangiopathy, but it could be the marker of additional stress on the metabolically disturbed circulation.2
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase response protein markedly increased in both inflammatory and infectious diseases. Elevation of serum CRP levels have been found in relation to smoking life-span exposure and obesity in healthy elderly subjects,4 in type II diabetes, Syndrome X1, 3 and with diabetic foot ulcers.5
Type II diabetes has been classified as a systemic and chronic hemorheological disease,6 in which the disturbances of blood fluidity have been considered as a related factor to the pathophysiology of vascular complications. Hyperglycemia increases the blood viscosity and the shear stress on vascular endothelium. On this way, hyperglycemia may contribute to endothelial stress and vascular damage.
The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between serum C-reactive protein and glucose levels in noncontrolled type II diabetic patients, without macrovascular disease.
Section snippets
Design and Setting
With the approval of protocol by the Mexican Social Security Institute (MSSI) Research Committee, and after obtaining the patient informed consent, a cross-sectional study was performed, from February 1996 to July 1998. Diabetic patients and control subjects with infectious disease were randomly recruited from an outpatient office of the Urgencies Service and medical offices of a Second Level Medical Care Hospital. Healthy control subjects were randomly selected from the general population of
Results
One hundred twenty-four subjects were included; 31 in each group. There were no differences by gender, BMI, blood pressure, smoking, and age between diabetic patients of both groups, Table 1. Diabetes duration was of 9.5 ± 6.9 years and 10.9 ± 7.1 years (NS), for the patients with and without infectious disease, respectively.
Twenty-four diabetic subjects (77.4%), and 25 (80.6%) of the control subjects had urinary tract infection, with an average duration of 4.5 ± 2.3 days and 4.1 ± 2.1 days
Discussion
The results of this study show that hyperglycemia is an associated factor to the increase of serum CRP levels, in noncontrolled type II diabetic subjects.
Diabetic subjects have an increased risk for vascular disease. In the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, chronic inflammatory disease has an important role.7 On this concern, serum CRP levels have been recognized as a related marker to both diabetic foot ulcer,6 and cardiovascular risk factor in healthy elderly subjects.4 Patients with
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