ReviewReview of Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula Associated with Endotracheal Intubation
Section snippets
Discussion
Several causes exist for esophageal perforation. Besides trauma and malignancy, esophageal perforation usually occurs as a result of iatrogenic injury. Operations in and around the esophagus, endoscopy, and intraluminal procedures are among the most common scenarios in which perforation occurs. Donnelly1 demonstrated that prolonged duration of intubation resulted in laryngeal damage and ulceration.
After as little as 10 hours of intubation, epithelial disruption, basement membrane loss, and/or
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