Racial and gender differences in susceptibility to tobacco smoke among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease☆
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Keywords
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Smoking
Race
Abbreviations
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
FEV1
Forced expiratory volume
FVC
Forced vital capacity
SI
Susceptibility Index
WHO
World Health Organization
GOLD
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
TNF
Tumor necrosis factor
IL
Interleukin
Ig
Immunoglobulin
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The authors have no financial interests to declare.
Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.