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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 27(1): 005-017
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933668
Copyright © 2006 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: An Evidence-Based Approach of Modifiable Risk Factors

Warren Isakow1 , Marin H. Kollef1
  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Publication History

Publication Date:
01 March 2006 (online)

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ABSTRACT

There is considerable evidence to suggest that specific interventions can be effectively employed to prevent hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). These interventions consist of pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies that focus on prevention of aerodigestive tract colonization and the prevention of aspiration of contaminated secretions, the major pathogenetic mechanisms leading to HAP. Important components of effective preventive strategies focus on basic infection control principles like handwashing, adequate intensive care unit (ICU) staff education, and optimal resource utilization. Measures to prevent HAP/VAP extend into all aspects of daily intensive care practice, including antibiotic selection and duration of use, preferred routes of intubation, limitation of sedation, protocolized weaning, optimal use of noninvasive mask ventilation, patient positioning, ventilator circuit management, transfusion practices, nutritional support issues, stress ulcer prophylaxis, and glycemic control. Local programs encompassing these interventions should be applied at a multidisciplinary level, involve all caregivers, and include local surveillance programs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The importance of implementing preventive strategies is amplified by the anticipated limited availability of new antimicrobial drug classes for the foreseeable future. Effective implementation of these preventive principles can result in significant cost savings for society and reduce hospital mortality and morbidity for individual patients.

KEYWORDS

Hospital-acquired pneumonia - nosocomial infection - ventilator-associated pneumonia - endotracheal intubation - subglottic secretions

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Marin H KollefM.D. F.A.C.P. 

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine

Campus Box 8052, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110

Email: mkollef@im.wustl.edu

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