A paucity of reliable data exists concerning ventilator-assisted individuals (VAIs) for program planning. The Chicago Lung Association, with funding from Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Illinois, conducted a community action project to determine the magnitude of the issues in Illinois. The purposes of the VAI Study were to ascertain needs and resources, generate recommendations, and recruit community involvement. The survey identified 453 VAIs: 145 in hospitals, 105 in extended-care facilities, and 203 at home. A majority (62 percent) of hospitals provided services to VAIs; many more would with proper reimbursement incentives. Only 60 percent of hospitals serving VAIs had active discharge teams; discharge was accomplished by a variety of mechanisms and personnel. Monthly hospital charges averaged $22,190 with a range from $10,020 to $66,750 depending on the location of the patient. Most reimbursement was public; private funding was fragmented. Major discharge barriers were inadequate payment for community-based services, limited community resources, constrained consumer's finances, and lack of access to information. Recommendations for future community action included establishing a technology transfer system, home care case management, an integrated management system, a documentation center, and trials and demonstrations prior to program and policy development.