Research Needs and Strategies to Establish Best Practices and Cost Effective Models for Chronic Critical Illness

References

1. 1.↵
   The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000;342(18):1301-1308.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. 2.↵
   1. Girard TD,
   2. Kress JP,
   3. Fuchs BD,
   4. Thomason JW,
   5. Schweickert WD,
   6. Pun BT,
   7. et al

   . Efficacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (Awakening and Breathing Controlled trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008;371(9607):126-134.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   1. Rivers E,
   2. Nguyen B,
   3. Havstad S,
   4. Ressler J,
   5. Muzzin A,
   6. Knoblich B,
   7. et al

   . Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 2001;345(19):1368-1377.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. 4.↵
   The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ARDS Clinical Trials Network. Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med 2006;354(24):2564-2575.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   1. Pronovost P,
   2. Needham D,
   3. Berenholtz S,
   4. Berenholtz S,
   5. Sinopoli D,
   6. Chu H,
   7. et al

   . An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med 2006;355(26):2725-2732.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
6. 6.↵
   1. Scales DC,
   2. Dainty K,
   3. Hales B,
   4. Pinto R,
   5. Fowler RA,
   6. Adhikari NK,
   7. Zwarenstein M

   . A multifaceted intervention for quality improvement in a network of intensive care units: a cluster randomized trial. JAMA 2011;305(4):363-372.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Griffiths J,
   2. Barber VS,
   3. Morgan L,
   4. Young JD

   . Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of the timing of tracheostomy in adult patients undergoing artificial ventilation. BMJ 2005;330(7502):1243.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
8. 8.↵
   1. Terragni PP,
   2. Antonelli M,
   3. Fumagalli R,
   4. et al

   . Early vs late tracheotomy for prevention of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010;303(15):1483-1489.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   1. Pandharipande P,
   2. Shintani A,
   3. Peterson J,
   4. Pun BT,
   5. Wilkinson GR,
   6. Dittus RS,
   7. et al

   . Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology 2006;104(1):21-26.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. 10.↵
    1. Riker RR,
    2. Shehabi Y,
    3. Bokesch PM,
    4. Ceraso D,
    5. Wisemandle W,
    6. Koura F,
    7. et al

    . Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for sedation of critically ill patients: a randomized trial. JAMA 2009;(5):489-499.
11. 11.↵
    1. Schweickert WD,
    2. Pohlman MC,
    3. Pohlman AS,
    4. Nigos C,
    5. Pawlik AJ,
    6. Esbrook CL,
    7. et al

    . Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009;373(9678):1874-1882.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. 12.↵
    1. Needham DM,
    2. Davidson J,
    3. Cohen H,
    4. Hopkins RO,
    5. Weinert C,
    6. Wunsch H,
    7. et al

    . Improving long-term outcomes after discharge from intensive care unit: report from a stakeholders' conference. Crit Care Med 2012;40(2):502-509.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. 13.↵
    1. Nelson JE,
    2. Meier DE,
    3. Litke A,
    4. Natale DA,
    5. Siegel RE,
    6. Morrison RS

    . The symptom burden of chronic critical illness. Crit Care Med 2004;32(7):1527-1534.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. 14.
    1. Jubran A,
    2. Lawm G,
    3. Kelly J,
    4. Duffner LA,
    5. Gungor G,
    6. Collins EG,
    7. et al

    . Depressive disorders during weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2010;36(5):828-835.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. 15.↵
    1. Jubran A,
    2. Lawm G,
    3. Duffner LA,
    4. Collins EG,
    5. Lanuza DM,
    6. Hoffman LA,
    7. Tobin MJ

    . Post-traumatic stress disorder after weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2010;36(12):2030-2037.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    1. Scheinhorn DJ,
    2. Chao DC,
    3. Stearn-Hassenpflug M,
    4. Wallace WA

    . Outcomes in post-ICU mechanical ventilation: a therapist-implemented weaning protocol. Chest 2001;119(1):236-242.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
17. 17.↵
    1. Kalb TH,
    2. Lorin S

    . Infection in the chronically critically ill: unique risk profile in a newly defined population. Crit Care Clin 2002;18(3):529-552.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. 18.↵
    1. Hollander JM,
    2. Mechanick JI

    . Nutrition support and the chronic critical illness syndrome. Nutr Clin Pract 2006;21(6):587-604.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
19. 19.↵
    1. Janda S,
    2. Young A,
    3. Fitzgerald JM,
    4. Etminan M,
    5. Swiston J

    . The effect of statins on mortality from severe infections and sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crit Care 2010;25(4):656, e657-e622.

    OpenUrl
20. 20.↵
    1. Kor DJ,
    2. Iscimen R,
    3. Yilmaz M,
    4. Brown MJ,
    5. Brown DR,
    6. Gajic O

    . Statin administration did not influence the progression of lung injury or associated organ failures in a cohort of patients with acute lung injury. Intensive Care Med 2009;35(6):1039-1046.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. 21.↵
    1. Boomer JS,
    2. To K,
    3. Chang KC,
    4. Takasu O,
    5. Osborne DF,
    6. Walton AH,
    7. et al

    . Immunosuppression in patients who die of sepsis and multiple organ failure. JAMA 2011;306(23):2594-2605.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    1. Nelson JE,
    2. Kinjo K,
    3. Meier DE,
    4. Ahmad K,
    5. Morrison RS

    . When critical illness becomes chronic: informational needs of patients and families. J Crit Care 2005;20(1):79-89.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
23. 23.
    1. Nelson JE,
    2. Mercado AF,
    3. Camhi SL,
    4. Tandon N,
    5. Wallenstein S,
    6. August GI,
    7. Morrison RS

    . Communication about chronic critical illness. Arch Intern Med 2007;167(22):2509-2515.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
24. 24.↵
    1. Cox CE,
    2. Martinu T,
    3. Sathy SJ,
    4. Clay AS,
    5. Chia J,
    6. Gray AL,
    7. et al

    . Expectations and outcomes of prolonged mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 2009;37(11):2888-2894.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
25. 25.↵
    1. Scheunemann LP,
    2. McDevitt M,
    3. Carson SS,
    4. Hanson LC

    . Randomized, controlled trials of interventions to improve communication in intensive care: a systematic review. Chest 2011;139(3):543-554.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Cox CE,
    2. Lewis CL,
    3. Hanson LC,
    4. Hough CL,
    5. Kahn JM,
    6. White DB,
    7. et al

    . Development and pilot testing of a decision aid for surrogates of patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 2012; in press.
27. 27.↵
    1. Norton SA,
    2. Hogan LA,
    3. Holloway RG,
    4. Temkin-Greener H,
    5. Buckley MJ,
    6. Quill TE

    . Proactive palliative care in the medical intensive care unit: effects on length of stay for selected high-risk patients. Crit Care Med 2007;35(6):1530-1535.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
28. 28.↵
    1. Temel JS,
    2. Greer JA,
    3. Muzikansky A,
    4. Gallagher ER,
    5. Admane S,
    6. Jackson VA,
    7. et al

    . Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2010;363(8):733-742.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. 29.↵
    1. Kandilov AMG,
    2. Dalton K

    . Utilization and payment effects of Medicare referrals to long-term care hospitals (LTCHs). Final Report June 2011. http://www.rti.org/reports/cms/HHSM-500-2006-00008I/PDF/CMS_LTCH_Referral_Effects.pdf. Accessed March 30, 2012.
30. 30.↵
    1. Votto JJ,
    2. Scalise PJ,
    3. Barton RW,
    4. Vogel CA

    . An analysis of clinical outcomes and costs of a long term acute care hospital. J Med Econ 2011;14(2):141-146.

    OpenUrlPubMed