Review ArticleNarrative Reviews

Lung Ultrasound: The Emerging Role of Respiratory Therapists

Manjush Karthika, Duane Wong, Suresh G Nair, Lalitha V Pillai and Chris Sara Mathew
Respiratory Care February 2019, 64 (2) 217-229; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.06179

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Henscke CI,
    2. Pasternack GS,
    3. Schoroeder S,
    4. Hart KK,
    5. Herman PG
    . Bedside chest radiography. Diagnostic efficacy. Radiology 1983;149(1):23–26.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  2. 2.↵
    1. Greenbaum DM,
    2. Marschall KE
    . The value of routine daily chest x-rays in intubated patients in the medical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 1982;10(1):29–30.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  3. 3.
    1. Bekemeyer WB,
    2. Crapo RO,
    3. Calhoon S,
    4. Cannon CY,
    5. Clayton PD
    . Efficacy of chest radiography in a respiratory intensive care unit. A prospective study. Chest 1985;88(5):691–696.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  4. 4.↵
    1. Rouby JJ,
    2. Puybasset L,
    3. Cluzel P,
    4. Richecoeur J,
    5. Lu Q,
    6. Grenier P
    . Regional distribution of gas and tissue in acute respiratory distress syndrome. II. Physiological correlations and definition of an ARDS Severity Score. CT Scan ARDS Study Group. Intensive Care Med 2000;26(8):1046–1056.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  5. 5.↵
    1. Oba Y,
    2. Zaza T
    . Abandoning daily routine chest radiography in the intensive care unit. Meta-analysis. Radiology 2010;255(2):386–395.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  6. 6.↵
    1. Beckmann U,
    2. Gillies DM,
    3. Berenholtz SM,
    4. Wu AW,
    5. Pronovost P
    . Incidents relating to the intra-hospital transfer of critically ill patients. An analysis of the reports submitted to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study in Intensive Care. Intensive Care Med 2004;30(8):1579–1585.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  7. 7.↵
    1. Xirouchaki N,
    2. Kondili E,
    3. Prinianakis G,
    4. Malliotakis P,
    5. Georgopoulos D
    . Impact of lung ultrasound on clinical decision making in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2014;40(1):57–65.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  8. 8.↵
    1. Hangiandreou NJ
    . AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents. Topics in US: B-mode US: basic concepts and new technology. Radiographics 2003;23(4):1019–1033.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  9. 9.↵
    1. Aldrich JE
    . Basic physics of ultrasound imaging. Crit Care Med 2007;35(5 Suppl):S131–S137.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  10. 10.↵
    1. Mason RJ,
    2. Broaddus VC,
    3. Murray JF,
    4. Nadel JA
    1. Anantham D,
    2. Ernst A
    . Ultrasonography. In: Mason RJ, Broaddus VC, Murray JF, Nadel JA, editors. Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders-Elsevier; 2010:445–460.
  11. 11.↵
    1. Bigeleisen PE
    1. Bigeleisen PE,
    2. Orebaugh SL
    . Principles of Sonography. In: Bigeleisen PE, editor. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia and pain medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2010:10–25.
  12. 12.↵
    1. Bakhru RN,
    2. Schweickert WD
    . Intensive care ultrasound: I. Physics, equipment, and image quality. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2013;10(5):540–548.
    OpenUrl
  13. 13.↵
    1. Miller A
    . Practical approach to lung ultrasound. BJA Educ 2016;16(2):39–45.
    OpenUrl
  14. 14.↵
    1. Carmody KA,
    2. Moore CL,
    3. Feller-Kopman D
    1. Markowitz J
    . Probe selection, machine controls, and equipment. In: Carmody KA, Moore CL, Feller-Kopman D, editors. Handbook of critical care and emergency ultrasound. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011:25–38.
  15. 15.↵
    1. Chichra A,
    2. Makaryus M,
    3. Chaudhri P,
    4. Narasimhan M
    . Ultrasound for the pulmonary consultant. Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med 2016;10:1–9.
    OpenUrl
  16. 16.↵
    1. Bouhemad B,
    2. Zhang M,
    3. Lu Q,
    4. Rouby JJ
    . Clinical review: Bedside lung ultrasound in critical care practice. Crit Care 2007;11(1):205.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  17. 17.↵
    1. Via G,
    2. Storti E,
    3. Gulati G,
    4. Neri L,
    5. Mojoli F,
    6. Braschi A
    . Lung ultrasound in the ICU: From diagnostic instrument to respiratory monitoring tool. Minerva Anestesiol 2012;78(11):1282–1296.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  18. 18.↵
    1. Doerschug KC,
    2. Schmidt GA
    . Intensive care ultrasound: III. Lung and pleural ultrasound for the intensivist. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2013;10(6):708–712.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  19. 19.↵
    1. Vincent JL
    1. Lichtenstein D
    . Lung ultrasound in the critically ill. In Vincent JL, editor. Yearbook of intensive care and emergency medicine. Heidelberg: Springer; 2004:625–644.
  20. 20.↵
    1. Lichtenstein D
    . Novel approaches to ultrasonography of the lung and pleural space: where are we now? Breathe 2017;13(2):100–111.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  21. 21.↵
    1. Lichtenstein DA
    . Lung ultrasound in the critically ill. Ann Intensive Care 2014;4(1):1.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  22. 22.↵
    1. Lichtenstein DA
    1. Lichtenstein DA
    . An Introduction to the signatures of lung ultrasound. In: Lichtenstein DA, editor. Lung ultrasound in the critically ill. Switzerland: Springer, Cham; 2016:59–60.
  23. 23.↵
    1. Lichtenstein DA
    . BLUE-protocol and FALLS-protocol: two applications of lung ultrasound in the critically ill. Chest 2015;147(6):1659–1670.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  24. 24.↵
    1. Barillari A,
    2. Kiuru S
    . Detection of spontaneous pneumothorax with chest ultrasound in the emergency department. Intern Emerg Med 2010;5(3):253–235.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  25. 25.↵
    1. Johnson A
    . Emergency department diagnosis of pneumothorax using goal-directed ultrasound. Acad Emerg Med 2009;16(12):1379–1380.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  26. 26.↵
    1. Bouhemad B,
    2. Mongodi S,
    3. Via G,
    4. Rouquette I
    . Ultrasound for “lung monitoring” of ventilated patients. Anesthesiology 2015;122(2):437–447.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  27. 27.↵
    1. Pecanha Antonio A,
    2. Souza Castro P,
    3. Schulz L,
    4. Maccari J,
    5. Oliveira R,
    6. Teixeira C,
    7. Knorst M
    . Lung ultrasound findings predict weaning failure from mechanical ventilation. Crit Care 2014;18(1):298.
    OpenUrl
  28. 28.↵
    1. Gattinoni L,
    2. Caironi P,
    3. Cressoni M,
    4. Chiumello D,
    5. Ranieri VM,
    6. Quintel M,
    7. et al
    . Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2006;354(17):1775–1786.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  29. 29.↵
    1. Corradi F,
    2. Brusasco C,
    3. Vezzani A,
    4. Santori G,
    5. Manca T,
    6. Ball L,
    7. et al
    . Computer-aided quantitative ultrasonography for detection of pulmonary edema in mechanically ventilated cardiac surgery patients. Chest 2016;150(3):640–651.
    OpenUrl
  30. 30.↵
    1. Kreuter M,
    2. Mathis G
    . Emergency ultrasound of the chest. Respiration 2014;87(2):89–97.
    OpenUrl
  31. 31.↵
    1. Tomà P,
    2. Owens CM
    . Chest ultrasound in children: critical appraisal. Pediatr Radiol 2013;43(11):1427–1434.
    OpenUrl
  32. 32.↵
    1. Cantinotti M,
    2. Giordano R,
    3. Valverde I
    . Lung ultrasound: a new basic, easy, multifunction imaging diagnostic tool in children undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery. J Thoracic Dis 2017;9(6):1396–1399.
    OpenUrl
  33. 33.↵
    1. Leech M,
    2. Bissett B,
    3. Kot M,
    4. Ntoumenopoulos G
    . Lung ultrasound for critical care physiotherapists: a narrative review. Physiother Res Int 2015;20(2):69–76.
    OpenUrl
  34. 34.↵
    1. Vitale J,
    2. Mumoli N,
    3. Giorgi-Pierfranceschi M,
    4. Cresci A,
    5. Cei M,
    6. Basile V,
    7. et al
    . Comparison of the accuracy of nurse-performed and physician-performed lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of cardiogenic dyspnea. Chest 2016;150(2):470–471.
    OpenUrl
  35. 35.↵
    1. See KC,
    2. Ong V,
    3. Wong SH,
    4. Leanda R,
    5. Santos J,
    6. Taculod J,
    7. Phua J,
    8. Teoh CM
    . Lung ultrasound training: curriculum implementation and learning trajectory among respiratory therapists. Intensive Care Med 2016;42(1):63–71.
    OpenUrl
  36. 36.↵
    1. Wong A
    . How much specialised lung ultrasound training is needed for RTs? European Society of Intensive Care Medicine News: Jan 11, 2016. Available at: https://www.esicm.org/icm-article-review-specialised-lung-ultrasound-training-wong/. Accessed Dec 12 2017.
  37. 37.↵
    1. Leech M,
    2. Bissett B,
    3. Kot M,
    4. Ntoumenopoulos G
    . Physiotherapist-initiated lung ultrasound to improve intensive care management of a deteriorating patient and prevent intubation: a case report. Physiother Theory Pract 2015;31(5):372–376.
    OpenUrl
  38. 38.↵
    1. Hayward S,
    2. Kelly D
    . Respiratory physiotherapy and lung ultrasound: a service evaluation of a training programme. ICS State of the Art; e-posters: Dec 2016. Available at: http://epostersonline.com/soa2016/node/167. Accessed Dec 15 2017.
  39. 39.↵
    1. Le Neindre A,
    2. Mongodi S,
    3. Philippart F,
    4. Bouhemad B
    . Thoracic ultrasound: potential new tool for physiotherapists in respiratory management. A narrative review. J Crit Care 2016;31(1):101–109.
    OpenUrl
  40. 40.↵
    1. Unluer EE,
    2. Karagoz A,
    3. Oyar O,
    4. Vandenberk N,
    5. Kiyançiçek S,
    6. Budak F
    . Lung ultrasound by emergency nursing as an aid for rapid triage of dyspneic patients: a pilot study. Int Emerg Nurs 2014;22(4):226–231.
    OpenUrl
  41. 41.↵
    1. Mumoli N,
    2. Vitale J,
    3. Giorgi-Pierfranceschi M,
    4. Cresci A,
    5. Cei M,
    6. Basile V,
    7. et al
    . Accuracy of nurse-performed lung ultrasound in patients with acute dyspnea: a prospective observational study. Medicine 2016;95(9):e2925.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  42. 42.↵
    1. Becker TK,
    2. Martin-Gill C,
    3. Callaway CW,
    4. Guyette FX,
    5. Schott C
    . Feasibility of paramedic performed prehospital lung ultrasound in medical patients with respiratory distress. Prehosp Emerg Care 2018;22(2):175–179.
    OpenUrl
  43. 43.↵
    1. Stoller JK
    . 2000 Donald F. Egan Scientific Lecture. Are respiratory therapists effective? Assessing the evidence. Respir Care 2001;46(1):56–66.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  44. 44.↵
    1. Stoller JK
    . The effectiveness of respiratory care protocols. Respir Care 2004;49(7):761–765.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  45. 45.↵
    1. Moll V,
    2. Teo EYL,
    3. Grenda DS,
    4. Powell DC,
    5. Connor MJ,
    6. Gartland BT
    . et al. Rapid development and implementation of an ECMO program. ASAIO J 2016;62(3):354–358.
    OpenUrl
  46. 46.
    The ECMO Team as recommended by Extracorporal Life Support Organization, ELSO Resources 2017. Available at: https://www.elso.org/Resources/TheECMOTeam.aspx. Accessed Dec 13 2017.
  47. 47.↵
    Position statement as recommended by American Association of Respir Care, AARC Resources 2017. Available at: https://www.aarc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/statement-of-ecmo.pdf. Accessed Dec 13 2017.
  48. 48.↵
    1. Haas CF,
    2. Loik PS
    . Ventilator discontinuation protocols. Respir Care 2012;57(10):1649–1662.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  49. 49.↵
    1. Ellis SM,
    2. Dainty KN,
    3. Munro G,
    4. Scales DC
    . The use of mechanical ventilation protocols in the intensive care unit: a survey of current practice. Crit Care 2012;27(6):556–563.
    OpenUrl
  50. 50.↵
    1. Gupta P,
    2. Giehler K,
    3. Walters RW,
    4. Meyerink K,
    5. Modrykamien AM
    . The effect of a mechanical ventilation discontinuation protocol in patients with simple and difficult weaning: impact on clinical outcomes. Respir Care 2014;59(2):170–177.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  51. 51.↵
    1. Scheinhorn DJ,
    2. Chao DC,
    3. Stearn-Hassenpflug M,
    4. Wallace WA
    . Outcomes in post-ICU mechanical ventilation: a therapist-implemented weaning protocol. Chest 2001;119(1):236–242.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  52. 52.↵
    1. Esteban A,
    2. Anzueto A,
    3. Frutos F,
    4. Alía I,
    5. Brochard L,
    6. Stewart TE,
    7. et al
    . Characteristics and outcomes in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a 28-day international study. JAMA 2002;287(3):345–355.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  53. 53.↵
    1. de Lassence A,
    2. Timsit JF,
    3. Tafflet M,
    4. Azoulay E,
    5. Jamali S,
    6. Vincent F,
    7. et al
    . Pneumothorax in the intensive care unit: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Anesthesiology 2006;104(1):5–13.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  54. 54.↵
    1. Petersen GW,
    2. Baier H
    . Incidence of pulmonary barotrauma in a medical ICU. Crit Care Med 1983;11(2):67–69.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  55. 55.
    1. Pierson DJ
    . Complications associated with mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Clin 1990;6(3):711–724.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  56. 56.↵
    1. Parker JC,
    2. Hernandez LA,
    3. Peevy KJ
    . Mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury. Crit Care Med 1993;21(1):131–143.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  57. 57.↵
    1. Schnapp LM,
    2. Chin DP,
    3. Szaflarski N,
    4. Matthay MA
    . Frequency and importance of barotraumas in 100 patients with acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 1995;23(2):272–278.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  58. 58.↵
    1. Gattinoni L,
    2. Bombino M,
    3. Pelosi P,
    4. Lissoni A,
    5. Pesenti A,
    6. Fumagalli R,
    7. Tagliabue M
    . Lung structure and function in different stages of severe adult respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA 1994;271(22):1772–1779.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  59. 59.↵
    1. Hsu C-W,
    2. Sun S-F
    . Iatrogenic pneumothorax related to mechanical ventilation. World J Crit Care Med 2014;3(1):8–14.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  60. 60.↵
    1. Rankine JJ,
    2. Thomas AN,
    3. Fluechter D
    . Diagnosis of pneumothorax in critically ill adults. Postgrad Med J 2000;76(897):399–404.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  61. 61.↵
    1. Tocino IM,
    2. Miller MH,
    3. Fairfax WR
    . Distribution of pneumothorax in the supine and semirecumbent critically ill adult. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1985;144(5):901–905.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  62. 62.↵
    1. Ball CG,
    2. Kirkpatrick AW,
    3. Laupland KB,
    4. Fox DL,
    5. Litvinchuk S,
    6. Dyer DM,
    7. et al
    . Factors related to the failure of radiographic recognition of occult posttraumatic pneumothoraces. Am J Surg 2005;189(5):541–546.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  63. 63.↵
    1. Ding W,
    2. Shen Y,
    3. Yang J,
    4. He X,
    5. Zhang M
    . Diagnosis of pneumothorax by radiography and ultrasonography: a meta-analysis. Chest 2011;140(4):859–866.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  64. 64.↵
    1. Brook OR,
    2. Beck-Razi N,
    3. Abadi S,
    4. Filatov J,
    5. Ilivitzki A,
    6. Litmanovich D,
    7. et al
    . Sonographic detection of pneumothorax by radiology residents as part of extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma. J Ultrasound Med 2009;28(6):749–755.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  65. 65.↵
    1. Johnson KMJ,
    2. Lehman RE
    . Acute management of the obstructed endotracheal tube. Respir Care 2012;57(8):1342–1344.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  66. 66.↵
    1. Volpicelli G
    . Sonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax. Intensive Care Med 2011;37(2):224–232.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  67. 67.↵
    1. Krishnan S,
    2. Kuhl T,
    3. Ahmed W,
    4. Togashi K,
    5. Ueda K
    . Efficacy of an online education program for ultrasound diagnosis of pneumothorax. Anesthesiology 2013;118(3):715–721.
    OpenUrl
  68. 68.↵
    1. Epstein SK
    . Extubation. Respir Care 2002;47(4):483–492.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  69. 69.↵
    1. Ali ER,
    2. Mohamad AM
    . Diaphragm ultrasound as a new functional and morphological index of outcome, prognosis and discontinuation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients and evaluating the possible protective indices against VIDD. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberculosis 2016;66(2):339–351.
    OpenUrl
  70. 70.↵
    1. Osman AM,
    2. Hashim RM
    . Diaphragmatic and lung ultrasound application as new predictive indices for the weaning process in ICU patients. Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med 2017;48(1):61–66.
    OpenUrl
  71. 71.↵
    1. Peñuelas O,
    2. Frutos-Vivar F,
    3. Fernández C,
    4. Anzueto A,
    5. Epstein SK,
    6. Apezteguía C,
    7. et al
    . Characteristics and outcomes of ventilated patients according to time to liberation from mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;184(4):430–347.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  72. 72.↵
    1. Soummer A,
    2. Perbet S,
    3. Brisson H,
    4. Arbelot C,
    5. Constantin JM,
    6. Lu Q,
    7. Rouby JJ
    ; Lung Ultrasound Study Group. Ultrasound assessment of lung aeration loss during a successful weaning trial predicts postextubation distress. Crit Care Med 2012;40(7):2064–2072.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  73. 73.↵
    1. Kundra P,
    2. Mishra SK,
    3. Ramesh A
    . Ultrasound of the airway. Indian J Anaesth 2011;55(5):456–462.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  74. 74.
    1. Gupta PK,
    2. Gupta K,
    3. Dwivedi AN,
    4. Jain M
    . Potential role of ultrasound in anesthesia and intensive care. Anesth Essays Res 2011;5(1):11–19.
    OpenUrl
  75. 75.↵
    1. Raphael DT,
    2. Conard FU 3rd.
    . Ultrasound confirmation of endotracheal tube placement. J Clin Ultrasound 1987;15(7):459–462.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  76. 76.↵
    1. Kajekar P,
    2. Mendonca C,
    3. Gaur V
    . Role of ultrasound in airway assessment and management. Int J Ultrasound Appl Technol Perioper Care 2010;1(2):97–100.
    OpenUrl
  77. 77.↵
    1. Ezri T,
    2. Gewurtz G,
    3. Sessler DI,
    4. Medalion B,
    5. Szmuk P,
    6. Hagberg C,
    7. et al
    . Prediction of difficult laryngoscopy in obese patients by ultrasound quantification of anterior neck soft tissue. Anaesthesia 2003;58(11):1111–1114.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  78. 78.↵
    1. Shibasaki M,
    2. Nakajima Y,
    3. Ishii S,
    4. Shimizu F,
    5. Shime N,
    6. Sessler DI
    . Prediction of pediatric endotracheal tube size by ultrasonography. Anesthesiology 2010;113(4):819–824.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  79. 79.↵
    1. Tessaro MO,
    2. Salant EP,
    3. Arroyo AC,
    4. Haines LE,
    5. Dickman E
    . Tracheal rapid ultrasound saline test (T.R.U.S.T.) for confirming correct endotracheal tube depth in children. Resuscitation 2015;89:8–12.
    OpenUrl
  80. 80.↵
    1. Lakhal K,
    2. Delplace X,
    3. Cottier JP,
    4. Tranquart F,
    5. Sauvagnac X,
    6. Mercier C,
    7. et al
    . The feasibility of ultrasound to assess subglottic diameter. Anaesth Analg 2007;104(3):611–614.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  81. 81.↵
    1. Ding LW,
    2. Wang HC,
    3. Wu HD,
    4. Chang CJ,
    5. Yang PC
    . Laryngeal ultrasound: a useful method in predicting post-extubation stridor. A pilot study. Eur Respir J 2006;27(2):384–389.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  82. 82.↵
    1. Song K,
    2. Yi J,
    3. Liu W,
    4. Huang S,
    5. Huang Y
    . Confirmation of laryngeal mask airway placement by ultrasound examination: a pilot study. J Clin Anesth 2016;34:638–646.
    OpenUrl
  83. 83.↵
    1. Chenkin J,
    2. McCartney CJ,
    3. Jelic T,
    4. Romano M,
    5. Heslop C,
    6. Bandiera G
    . Defining the learning curve of point-of-care ultrasound for confirming endotracheal tube placement by emergency physicians. Crit Ultrasound J 2015;7(1):14.
    OpenUrl
  84. 84.↵
    1. Abbasi S,
    2. Farsi D,
    3. Zare MA,
    4. Hajimohammadi M,
    5. Rezai M,
    6. Hafezimoghadam P
    . Direct ultrasound methods: a confirmatory technique for proper endotracheal intubation in the emergency department. Eur J Emerg Med 2015;22(1):10–16.
    OpenUrl
  85. 85.↵
    1. Das SK,
    2. Choupoo NS,
    3. Haldar R,
    4. Lahkar A
    . Transtracheal ultrasound for verification of endotracheal tube placement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth 2015;62(4):413–423.
    OpenUrl
  86. 86.↵
    1. Thomas VK,
    2. Paul C,
    3. Rajeev PC,
    4. Palatty BU
    . Reliability of ultrasonography in confirming endotracheal tube placement in an emergency setting. Indian J Crit Care Med 2017;21(5):257–261.
    OpenUrl
  87. 87.↵
    1. Mayo PH,
    2. Beaulieu Y,
    3. Doelken P,
    4. Feller-Kopman D,
    5. Harrod C,
    6. Kaplan A
    . American College of Chest Physicians/La Societe de Reanimation de Langue Francaise statement on competence in critical care ultrasonography. Chest 2009;135(4):1050–1060.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  88. 88.↵
    1. Cholley BP,
    2. Mayo PH,
    3. Poelaert J,
    4. Vieillard-Baron A,
    5. Vignon P,
    6. Alhamid S
    . International expert statement on training standards for critical care ultrasonography. Intensive Care Medicine 2011;37(7):1077–1083.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  89. 89.↵
    1. Heegaard W,
    2. Hildebrandt D,
    3. Spear D,
    4. Chason K,
    5. Nelson B,
    6. Ho J
    . Prehospital ultrasound by paramedics: results of field trial. Acad Emerg Med 2010;17(6):624–630.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  90. 90.
    1. Press GM,
    2. Miller SK,
    3. Hassan IA,
    4. Blankenship R,
    5. del Junco D,
    6. Camp E,
    7. Holcomb JB
    . Evaluation of a training curriculum for prehospital trauma ultrasound. J Emerg Med 2013;45(6):856–864.
    OpenUrl
  91. 91.↵
    1. Kawooya MG,
    2. Goldberg BB,
    3. De Groot W,
    4. Matovu PD,
    5. Malwadde EK,
    6. Baltarowich OH
    . Evaluation of us training for the past 6 years at ECUREI, the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) Centre of Excellence, Kampala, Uganda. Acad Radiol 2010;17(3):392–398.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  92. 92.↵
    1. Stolz LA,
    2. Muruganandan KM,
    3. Bisanzo MC,
    4. Sebikali MJ,
    5. et al
    . Point-of-care ultrasound education for non-physician clinicians in a resource-limited emergency department. Trop Med Int Health 2015;20(8):1067–1072.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  93. 93.↵
    1. Galbois A,
    2. Ait-Oufella H,
    3. Baudel JL,
    4. Kofman T,
    5. Bottero J,
    6. Viennot S,
    7. et al
    . Pleural ultrasound compared with chest radiographic detection of pneumothorax resolution after drainage. Chest 2010;138(3):648–655.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  94. 94.↵
    1. Bedetti G,
    2. Gargani L,
    3. Corbisiero A,
    4. Frassi F,
    5. Poggianti E,
    6. Mottola G
    . Evaluation of ultrasound lung comets by hand-held echocardiography. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2006;4:34.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  95. 95.
    1. Chalumeau-Lemoine L,
    2. Baudel JL,
    3. Das V,
    4. Arrivé L,
    5. Noblinski B,
    6. Guidet B,
    7. et al
    . Results of short-term training of naïve physicians in focused general ultrasonography in an intensive-care unit. Intensive Care Med 2009;35(10):1767–1771.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  96. 96.
    1. Uppalapati A,
    2. Oropello J,
    3. Mukkera SR,
    4. Jamkhana ZA,
    5. DelGiudice R,
    6. Sherman B
    . Efficacy of a training program to achieve competence in lung and pleural ultrasound. Chest 2011;140(4):1033.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  97. 97.
    1. Mukherjee T,
    2. Mehta S,
    3. Walker D
    . The development of an in-house thoracic ultrasound teaching programme on a UK intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 2011;37:1.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  98. 98.↵
    1. Flato UAP,
    2. Guimarães HP,
    3. Petisco G,
    4. Bezerra F,
    5. Cavalcante AB,
    6. Berwanguer O
    . Use of lung ultrasonography in the detection of pneumothorax among medical students and emergency physicians. Crit Care 2011;15(S2):46.
    OpenUrl
  99. 99.↵
    1. Reissig A,
    2. Copetti R,
    3. Mathis G,
    4. Mempel C,
    5. Schuler A,
    6. Zechner P
    . Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective, multicenter, diagnostic accuracy study. Chest 2012;142(4):965–972.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  100. 100.↵
    1. Tutino L,
    2. Cianchi G,
    3. Barbani F,
    4. Batacchi S,
    5. Cammelli R,
    6. Peris A
    . Time needed to achieve completeness and accuracy in bedside lung ultrasound reporting in intensive care unit. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2010;18:44.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  101. 101.↵
    1. Millington SJ,
    2. Arntfield RT,
    3. Guo RJ,
    4. Koenig S,
    5. Kory P,
    6. Noble V,
    7. et al
    . The Assessment of Competency in Thoracic Sonography (ACTS) scale: validation of a tool for point-of-care ultrasound. Crit Ultrasound J 2017;9:25.
    OpenUrl
  102. 102.↵
    1. Skaarup SH,
    2. Laursen CB,
    3. Bjerrum AS,
    4. Hilberg O
    . Objective and structured assessment of lung ultrasound competence. A multispecialty Delphi consensus and construct validity study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017;14(4):555–60.
    OpenUrl
  103. 103.↵
    1. Mayo PH,
    2. Goltz HR,
    3. Tafreshi M,
    4. Doelken P
    . Safety of ultrasound-guided thoracentesis in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest 2004;125(3):1059–1062.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  104. 104.↵
    1. Poletti PA,
    2. Kinkel K,
    3. Vermeulen B,
    4. Irmay F,
    5. Unger PF,
    6. Terrier F
    . Blunt abdominal trauma: should US be used to detect both free fluid and organ injuries? Radiology 2003;227(1):95–103.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  105. 105.
    1. Ojaghi Haghighi SH,
    2. Morteza Begi HR,
    3. Sorkhabi R,
    4. Tarzamani MK,
    5. Zonouz GK,
    6. Mikaeilpour A,
    7. Rahmani F
    . Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detection of traumatic lens dislocation. Emergency 2014;2(3):121–124.
    OpenUrl
  106. 106.↵
    1. Heydari F,
    2. Esmailian M,
    3. Dehghanniri M
    . Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in the initial evaluation of patients with penetrating chest trauma. Emergency 2014;2(2):81–84.
    OpenUrl
  107. 107.↵
    1. Volpicelli G,
    2. Elbarbary M,
    3. Blaivas M,
    4. Lichtenstein DA,
    5. Mathis G,
    6. Kirkpatrick AW,
    7. et al
    . International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound. Intensive Care Med 2012;38(4):577–591.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  108. 108.↵
    1. Touw HRW,
    2. Tuinman PR,
    3. Gelissen HPMM,
    4. Lust E,
    5. Elbers PWG
    . Lung ultrasound: routine practice for the next generation of internists. Neth J Med 2015;73(3):100–107.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  109. 109.↵
    1. Abdalla W,
    2. Elgendy M,
    3. Abdelaziz AA,
    4. Ammar MA
    . Lung ultrasound versus chest radiography for the diagnosis of pneumothorax in critically ill patients: a prospective, single-blind study. Saudi J Anaesth 2016;10(3):265–269.
    OpenUrl
  110. 110.↵
    1. Koeze J,
    2. Nijsten MW,
    3. Lansink AO,
    4. Droogh JM,
    5. Ismael F
    . Bedside lung ultrasound in the critically ill patient with pulmonary pathology: different diagnoses with comparable chest x-ray opacification. Critical Ultrasound J 2012;4(1):1.
    OpenUrl
Back to top

In this issue

 

Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Email Article
Citation Tools

Jump to section

Related Articles

Cited By...

Keywords