Aerosol Generation During Peak Flow Testing: Clinical Implications for COVID-19

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Honein MA,
   2. Christie A,
   3. Rose DA,
   4. Brooks JT,
   5. Meaney-Delman D,
   6. Cohn A,
   7. et al

   . Summary of guidance for public health strategies to address high levels of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and related deaths, Dec 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69(49):1860-1867.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   1. Yang S,
   2. Lee GW,
   3. Chen CM,
   4. Wu CC,
   5. Yu KP

   . The size and concentration of droplets generated by coughing in human subjects. J Aerosol Med 2007;20(4):484-494.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   1. Wei J,
   2. Li Y

   . Enhanced spread of expiratory droplets by turbulence in a cough jet. Building Environment 2015;93:86-96.

   OpenUrl
4. 4.↵
   1. Bourouiba L

   . Turbulent gas clouds and respiratory pathogen emissions: potential implications for reducing transmission of COVID-19. JAMA 2020;323(18):1837-1838.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   1. Parienta D,
   2. Morawska L,
   3. Johnson GR,
   4. Ristovski ZD,
   5. Hargreaves M,
   6. Mengersen K,
   7. et al

   . Theoretical analysis of the motion and evaporation of exhaled respiratory droplets of mixed composition. J Aerosol Sci 2011;42(1):1-10.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
6. 6.↵
   1. Papineni RS,
   2. Rosenthal FS

   . The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects. J Aerosol Med 1997;10(2):105-116.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   1. Johnson GR,
   2. Morawska L

   . The mechanism of breath aerosol formation. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2009;22(3):229-237.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
8. 8.↵
   1. Buonanno G,
   2. Stabile L,
   3. Morawska L

   . Estimation of airborne viral emission: quanta emission rate of SARS-CoV-2 for infection risk assessment. Environ Int 2020;141:105794.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
9. 9.
   1. Anfinrud P,
   2. Stadnytskyi V,
   3. Bax CE,
   4. Bax A

   . Visualizing speech-generated oral fluid droplets with laser light scattering. N Engl J Med 2020;382(21):2061-2063.

   OpenUrl
10. 10.
    1. Lednicky JA,
    2. Lauzardo M,
    3. Fan ZH,
    4. Jutla AS,
    5. Tilly TB,
    6. Gangwar M,
    7. et al

    . Viable SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients. Int J Infect Dis 2020;100:476-482.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
11. 11.
    1. Meselson M

    . Droplets and aerosols in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med 2020;382(21):2063-2063.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
12. 12.
    1. Mittal R,
    2. Ni R,
    3. Seo J-H

    . The flow physics of COVID-19. J Fluid Mech 2020;894:F2.

    OpenUrl
13. 13.
    1. Somsen GA,
    2. van Rijn C,
    3. Kooij S,
    4. Bem RA,
    5. Bonn D

    . Small droplet aerosols in poorly ventilated spaces and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8(7):658-659.

    OpenUrl
14. 14.↵
    1. van Doremalen N,
    2. Bushmaker T,
    3. Morris DH,
    4. Holbrook MG,
    5. Gamble A,
    6. Williamson BN,
    7. et al

    . Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med 2020;382(16):1564-1567.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
15. 15.
    1. Tang S,
    2. Mao Y,
    3. Jones RM,
    4. Tan Q,
    5. Ji JS,
    6. Li N,
    7. et al

    . Aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2? Evidence, prevention and control. Environ Int 2020;144:106039.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    1. Sommerstein R,
    2. Fux CA,
    3. Vuichard-Gysin D,
    4. Abbas M,
    5. Marschall J,
    6. Balmelli C,
    7. et al

    . Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, the rational use of masks, and protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020;9(1):100.

    OpenUrlPubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Chia PY,
    2. Coleman KK,
    3. Tan YK,
    4. Ong SWX,
    5. Gum M,
    6. Lau SK,
    7. et al

    . Detection of air and surface contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in hospital rooms of infected patients. Nat Commun 2020;11(1):2800.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
18. 18.
    1. Liu Y,
    2. Ning Z,
    3. Chen Y,
    4. Guo M,
    5. Liu Y,
    6. Gali NK,
    7. et al

    . Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals. Nature 2020;582(7813):557-560.

    OpenUrlPubMed
19. 19.
    1. Ong SWX,
    2. Tan YK,
    3. Chia PY,
    4. Lee TH,
    5. Ng OT,
    6. Wong MSY,
    7. et al

    . Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient. JAMA 2020;323(16):1610-1612.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. Santarpia JL,
    2. Rivera DN,
    3. Herrera VL,
    4. Morwitzer MJ,
    5. Creager HM,
    6. Santarpia GW,
    7. et al

    . Aerosol and surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2 observed in quarantine and isolation care. Sci Rep 2020;10(1):12732.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Fears AC,
    2. Klimstra WB,
    3. Duprex P,
    4. Hartman A,
    5. Weaver SC,
    6. Plante KS,
    7. et al

    . Persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in aerosol suspensions. Emerg Infect Dis 2020;26(9):2168-2171.

    OpenUrl
22. 22.↵
    1. Morawska L,
    2. Johnson GR,
    3. Ristovski ZD,
    4. Hargreaves M,
    5. Mengersen K,
    6. Corbett S,
    7. et al

    . Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities. J Aerosol Sci 2009;40(3):256-269.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
23. 23.↵
    1. Alsved M,
    2. Matamis A,
    3. Bohlin R,
    4. Richter M,
    5. Bengtsson PE,
    6. Fraenkel C-J,
    7. et al

    . Exhaled respiratory particles during singing and talking. Aerosol Sci Technol 2020;54(11):1245-1245.

    OpenUrl
24. 24.↵
    1. Bourouiba L,
    2. Dehandschoewercker E,
    3. Bush John WM

    . Violent expiratory events: on coughing and sneezing. J Fluid Mech 2014;745:537-563.

    OpenUrl
25. 25.↵
    1. Scharfman BE,
    2. Techet AH,
    3. Bush JWM,
    4. Bourouiba L

    . Visualization of sneeze ejecta: steps of fluid fragmentation leading to respiratory droplets. Exp Fluids 2016;57(2):24.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Shao S,
    2. Zhou D,
    3. He R,
    4. Li J,
    5. Zou S,
    6. Mallery K,
    7. et al

    . Risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic individuals under different practical settings. J Aerosol Sci 2021;151:105661.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
27. 27.↵
    1. Asadi S,
    2. Cappa CD,
    3. Barreda S,
    4. Wexler AS,
    5. Bouvier NM,
    6. Ristenpart WD

    . Efficacy of masks and face coverings in controlling outward aerosol particle emission from expiratory activities. Sci Rep 2020;10(1):15665.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
28. 28.↵
    1. Helgeson SA,
    2. Taylor BJ,
    3. Lim KG,
    4. Lee AS,
    5. Niven AS,
    6. Patel NM

    . Cardiopulmonary exercise and the risk of aerosol generation while wearing a surgical mask. Chest 2021;159(4):1567-1569.

    OpenUrl
29. 29.↵
    1. Helgeson SA,
    2. Lim KG,
    3. Lee AS,
    4. Niven AS,
    5. Patel NM

    . Aerosol generation during spirometry. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2020;17(12):1637-1639.

    OpenUrlPubMed